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Water gas is a synthesis gas, containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen. It is a useful product but requires careful handling due to its flammability and the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning. The gas is made by passing steam over a red-hot carbon fuel such as coke: :H2O + C → H2 + CO (ΔH = +131 kJ/mol) The reaction is endothermic so the fuel must be continually re-heated to keep the reaction going. In order to do this, an air stream, which alternates with the vapor stream, is introduced for the combustion of carbon to take place. :O2 + C → CO2 (ΔH = −393.5 kJ/mol) Theoretically to make 6 L of water gas, 5 L of air is required. Or alternatively to prevent contamination with nitrogen, energy can be provided by using pure oxygen to burn carbon into carbon monoxide. :O2 + 2 C → 2 CO (ΔH = −221 kJ/mol) In this case 1 L of oxygen will create 5.3 L of pure water gas. ==History== The water gas shift reaction was discovered by Italian physicist Felice Fontana in 1780. Water gas was made in England from 1828 by blowing steam through white-hot coke.〔''A history of technology'' edited by Charles Singer et al. Clarendon Press, 1954-1978.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Water gas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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