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, is the second highest score a fighter can achieve in a Japanese martial arts ''ippon'' or ''waza-ari'' contest, usually judo, karate or jujutsu. == ''Waza-ari'' in judo == A ''waza-ari'' is the second highest score a fighter can achieve in judo, the others being a ''yuko'' (advantage) or, formerly, a ''koka'' (small advantage). An ''ippon'' would be the highest score, that once awarded, ends the match in favor of the athlete who scored it. The referee raises his arm laterally parallel to the ground to award ''waza-ari''. Its value is higher than any other sum or combination of lower scores. No matter how many ''yuko'' or ''koka'', when times runs out, a ''waza-ari'' still counts more. In judo, a ''waza-ari'' is awarded after an action in which the opponent is thrown with control and accuracy, but not to the extent of an ''ippon'', or held on the back for between 20 and 25 seconds on the mat. To achieve an ''ippon'', four elements are required: landing on the mat flat on the back, force, speed, and control. If one out of the four elements is not expressed or it is expressed poorly, the referee can still award the ''waza-ari''. It can be awarded also as a penalty, formerly named ''keikoku''. A penalty can be given for infractions such as non-combativity, improper hold, false attacks, etc.. In judo, penalties are always awarded in a progressive way, e.g. first infraction – first penalty (''shido''), second infraction - second penalty (''chiui''), third infraction – third penalty (''keikoku''), fourth infraction - disqualification (''hansoku make''; see ''ippon''). ''Waza-ari'' is the only cumulative score in judo. If an athlete scores two ''waza-ari'' during a bout, they each count for half an ''ippon'', thus giving victory to the athlete. To signal this, the referee raises his arm laterally parallel to the ground to award the second ''waza-ari'' and then continues rising the arm vertically as if to mark an ''ippon'', saying "''Waza-ari, awasete ippon''", before ending the match ("''Score made''"). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Waza-ari」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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