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Wigglesworthia glossinidia
''Wigglesworthia glossinidia'' is a Gram-negative bacterium in the family Enterobacteriaceae, related to ''E. coli'', which lives in the gut of the tsetse fly.〔 The bacterium was described by Serap Aksoy〔Aksoy, S. 1995.(''Wigglesworthia'' gen. nov. and ''Wigglesworthia glossinidia'' sp. nov., Taxa Consisting of the Mycetocyte-Associated, Primary Endosymbionts of Tsetse Flies ), INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY, Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 848-851.〕 and bears the name of the British entomologist Sir Vincent Brian Wigglesworth, who died the year prior to its description. ''Wigglesworthia'' has symbiotically coevolved with the tsetse fly for millions of years, and is a textbook example of a bacterial endosymbiont. Because of this relationship, ''Wigglesworthia'' has lost a large part of its genome and has one of the smallest known genomes of any living organism, consisting of a single chromosome of 700,000 bp and a plasmid of 5,200.〔Akman, L. ''et al.'' 2002.(Genome sequence of the endocellular obligate symbiont of tsetse flies, Wigglesworthia glossinidia ), Nature Genetics, 32(3):402-407.〕 Together with ''Buchnera aphidicola'', ''Wigglesworthia'' has been the subject of genetic research into the minimal genome necessary for any living organism. ''Wigglesworthia'' also synthesizes key B-complex vitamins which the tsetse fly does not get from its diet of blood.〔 Without the vitamins ''Wigglesworthia'' produces, the tsetse fly has greatly reduced growth and reproduction.〔Nogge, G. 1976. Sterility in tsetse flies (Glossina morsitans Westwood) caused by loss of symbionts. Experientia 32, 995−996.〕 Since the tsetse fly spreads African sleeping sickness, it has been suggested that ''Wigglesworthia'' may one day be used to control the spread of this disease.〔
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