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Wiman of Gojoseon
Wiman (Wei Man in Chinese) was a military leader from the Han dynasty state of Yan who established a kingdom in north-western Korea in the 2nd century BC. Recorded in the ''Shiji'' and the ''Book of Han'', Wiman was the first ruler in the history of Korea to have been recorded in documents from the same time period.
==Biography==
After Emperor Gaozu of China's Han dynasty suppressed the rebellion of Zang Tu, ruler of the northern state of Yan, he appointed general Lu Wan to be the new king of Yan. In 196 BC, Emperor Gaozu suspected Lu Wan of plotting a rebellion and ordered an attack against Yan. Lu Wan fled to the Xiongnu, while his general Wiman (Wei Man) led about a thousand followers east to Gojoseon.〔Lee, Ki-baik: ''Walled-Town States and Confederated Kingdoms.'' The New History of Korea, page 16-17. Harvard University Press, 1984〕 He was initially ordered to fortify Gojoseon's northwestern border by King Jun of Gojoseon, however by solidifying power over the Yan refugees, Wiman usurped the throne and claimed kingship (194~180 BC). King Jun is said to have sought refugee in Jin state and called himself the "King of Han."
Wiman's capital of Gojoseon was Wanggeom-seong, generally identified as Pyongyang.〔Concerning controversy over the location of Lelang Commandery, there is a minority view that Wiman's domain was located in Liaoning instead of north-western Korea. However, it is generally accepted that the river referred to as "Majasu" (마자수, 馬訾水) refers to the Yalu River and "Paesu" (패수, 浿水) refers to the Yalu River or Ch'ongch'on River or Daling River, and that Wiman's territory was bordered on the north by the Han Dynasty. P'yŏngyang is the most likely site for the capital Wanggeom-seong but lacks archaeological evidence. For more information, see (Tani:1987).〕 Since the Han Dynasty was not completely stabilized yet, the Governor of Liaodong appointed Wiman as an outer subject, provided that he did not prevent natives going up to the empire. The appointment is dated at 191 or 192 BCE.〔(Ibaragi:1984)〕 Having superior military strength, Wiman Joseon was able to subjugate the State of Jinbeon (진번, 眞番) and Imdun (임둔, 臨屯), vastly extending its borders. His kingdom was eventually conquered by Emperor Wu of Han in 108 BC during the reign of his grandson King Ugeo.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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