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The Windows API, informally WinAPI, is Microsoft's core set of application programming interfaces (APIs) available in the Microsoft Windows operating systems. The name Windows API collectively refers to a number of different platform implementations that are often referred to by their own names (for example, Win32 API); see the versions section. Almost all Windows programs interact with the Windows API; on the Windows NT line of operating systems, a small number (such as programs started early in the Windows startup process) use the Native API.〔Microsoft TechNet (November 2006). ''(Inside Native Applications. )'' Retrieved December 24, 2008.〕 Developer support is available in the form of the Windows Software Development Kit (SDK), providing documentation and tools necessary to build software based upon the Windows API and associated Windows interfaces. The Windows API (Win32) is primarily focused on the C programming language〔http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb384843.aspx〕 in that its exposed functions and data structures are described in that language in recent versions of its documentation. However, the API may be used by any programming language compiler or assembler capable of handling the (well defined) low level data structures along with the prescribed calling conventions for calls and callbacks. Similarly, the internal implementation of the API's functionality has been developed in several languages, historically.〔Both the Pascal language and x86 assembly has been heavily used in earlier versions of the Windows API, before C became dominant. A reminiscence of this is that the API-functions still use the pascal calling convention to restore the stack from pushed parameters after a call (although they expect parameters pushed from right to left, as most C compilers do, by default).〕 Despite the fact that C lacks any notion of object-oriented programming, the Windows API as well as Windows itself has sometimes been described as object-oriented. There have also been many wrapper classes and extensions (from Microsoft or other sources) for object oriented languages that makes this object oriented structure more explicit (MFC, VCL, GDI+, etc.). For instance, Windows 8, while still providing the Windows API, also provides the WinRT API which is implemented in C++ and is object-oriented by its design.〔 ==Overview== The functionality provided by the Windows API can be grouped into eight categories:〔Microsoft Developer Network (July 2005). ''(Overview of the Windows API. )'' Retrieved August 28, 2005.〕 ; Base Services:〔Microsoft Developer Network (July 2005). ''(Base Services. )'' Retrieved August 28, 2005.〕 Provide access to the fundamental resources available to a Windows system. Included are things like file systems, devices, processes, threads, and error handling. These functions reside in kernel.exe, krnl286.exe or krnl386.exe files on 16-bit Windows, and kernel32.dll on 32-bit Windows. ; Advanced Services :Provide access to functionality additional to the kernel. Included are things like the Windows registry, shutdown/restart the system (or abort), start/stop/create a Windows service, manage user accounts. These functions reside in advapi32.dll on 32-bit Windows. ; Graphics Device Interface:〔Microsoft Developer Network (July 2005). ''(Graphics Device Interface. )'' Retrieved August 28, 2005.〕 Provides functionality for outputting graphical content to monitors, printers and other output devices. It resides in gdi.exe on 16-bit Windows, and gdi32.dll on 32-bit Windows in user-mode. Kernel-mode GDI support is provided by win32k.sys which communicates directly with the graphics driver.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=G )〕; User Interface:〔Microsoft Developer Network (July 2005). ''(User Interface. )'' Retrieved August 28, 2005.〕 Provides the functionality to create and manage screen windows and most basic controls, such as buttons and scrollbars, receive mouse and keyboard input, and other functionality associated with the GUI part of Windows. This functional unit resides in user.exe on 16-bit Windows, and user32.dll on 32-bit Windows. Since Windows XP versions, the basic controls reside in comctl32.dll, together with the common controls (Common Control Library). ; Common Dialog Box Library:〔Microsoft Developer Network (2005). ''(Common Dialog Box Library. )'' Retrieved September 22, 2005.〕 Provides applications the standard dialog boxes for opening and saving files, choosing color and font, etc. The library resides in a file called commdlg.dll on 16-bit Windows, and comdlg32.dll on 32-bit Windows. It is grouped under the ''User Interface'' category of the API. ; Common Control Library:〔Microsoft Developer Network (July 2005). ''(Common Control Library. )'' Retrieved August 28, 2005.〕 Gives applications access to some advanced controls provided by the operating system. These include things like status bars, progress bars, toolbars and tabs. The library resides in a DLL file called commctrl.dll on 16-bit Windows, and comctl32.dll on 32-bit Windows. It is grouped under the ''User Interface'' category of the API. ; Windows Shell:〔Microsoft Developer Network (July 2005). ''(Windows Shell. )'' Retrieved August 28, 2005.〕〔Microsoft Developer Network (2005). ''(Shell Programmer's Guide. )'' Retrieved August 28, 2005.〕 Component of the Windows API allows applications to access the functionality provided by the operating system shell, as well as change and enhance it. The component resides in shell.dll on 16-bit Windows, and shell32.dll on 32-bit Windows. The Shell Lightweight Utility Functions are in shlwapi.dll. It is grouped under the ''User Interface'' category of the API. ; Network Services:〔Microsoft Developer Network (July 2005). ''(Network Services. )'' Retrieved August 28, 2005.〕 Give access to the various networking capabilities of the operating system. Its sub-components include NetBIOS, Winsock, NetDDE, RPC and many others. This component resides in netapi32.dll on 32-bit Windows. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Windows API」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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