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The Wolfsangel ((:ˈvɔlfsˌʔaŋəl)) is a German heraldic charge inspired by an actual historic wolf trap consisting of two metal parts and a connecting chain. The top part of the trap, which resembled a crescent moon with a ring inside, used to be fastened between branches of a tree in the forest while the bottom part, on which meat scraps used to be hung, was a hook meant to be swallowed by a wolf. The simplified design based on the iron "wolf-hook" was often heavily stylized to no longer resemble a baited hook hung from a tree or an entire wolf trap. Other names included ''Wolfsanker'' ("wolf-anchor") or ''Wolfsjagd'' as well as ''hameçon'' or ''hameçon de loup'', a half-moon shape with a ring, or as ''cramp'' or ''crampon'' in English with a ring at the center, sometimes also called ''Doppelhaken'' "double-hook", or a''crampon'' with a transversal stroke. All of these symbols are still found in a number of municipal coats of arms in Germany. The ''crampon'' is also found as a mason's mark in medieval stonework.〔(Press release of the Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe, 30 October 2009 ) No original ancient specimens of such hooks were known prior to 2009 when excavations at the Falkenburg ruin in Detmold yielded more than 25 wolf hooks dated to the 13th century. 〕〔(Wolfsjagd - von Wolfseisen, Wolfsangel, Wolfsgruben & Wolfsankern. )〕 In early times, believed to possess magical powers, it became a symbol of liberty and independence after its adoption as an emblem of a peasant revolt in the 15th century against the oppression of the German princes and their mercenaries. The Wolfsangel was an initial symbol of the Nazi Party.〔 In World War II the sign and its elements were used by various Nazi German storm divisions such as the Waffen-SS Division Das Reich and the Waffen-SS Division Landstorm Nederland.〔 In prewar Germany, Wolfsangel was partly inspired by the immense popularity of Hermann Löns's 1910 novel ''Der Wehrwolf'' during the 1930s, where the protagonist, a resistance fighter during the Thirty Years' War, adopted the magic symbol as his personal badge. The symbol itself bears a visual resemblance to the Eihwaz rune, historically part of the runic alphabet. ==Heraldry== The name ''Wolfsangel'' appears in a 1714 heraldic handbook, ''Wappenkunst'', associated with a symbol distinct from the one now known under this name.〔 #''Wolffs-Angel, frantz. hamecon, lat. uncus quo lupi capiuntur, ist die Form eines halben Mondes und hat inwendig in der Mitte einen Ring.'' #"''Wolffs-Angel'', French ''hamecon'', Latin ''uncus quo lupi capiuntur'' ("hook with which wolves are caught"), is the shape of a crescent moon with a ring inside, at mid-height" The above quote, although, written for the Wolfsangel is referring to the Anchor (see below) for the Wolfsangel and not the Wolfsangel or "Wolf's-hook" proper. In modern German-language heraldic terminology, the name ''Wolfsangel'' is ''de facto'' used for a variety of heraldic charges, including *the ''hameçon'' described above, a half-moon shape with a ring (also called ''Wolfsanker'' and ''Wolfshaken''). *the ''cramp'' or ''crampon'', a ''Z'' shape or double-hook symbol (also called ''Mauerhaken'' or ''Doppelhaken'') *a ''Z'' or double-hook symbol with a ring or transversal stroke at the center. It is only this symbol that also goes under the name "Wolfsangel" in the context of Neo-Nazism and occultism. The ''crampon'' symbol is found comparatively frequently in municipal coats of arms in Germany, where it is often identified as "Wolfsangel". The "crampon with central stroke" design is more rare, but is still found in about a dozen contemporary municipal coats of arms. The French town of Wolfisheim, in the Alsace region of France has a "Wolfsangel" in its coat of arms.〔 File:Armoiries de Stein 2.svg |A heraldic ''hameçon'' in the arms of the von Stein family. File:Wappen Mannheim.svg |A heraldic ''crampon'' in the municipal arms of Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg File:DE Erwitte COA.svg |Municipal arms of Erwitte, North Rhine-Westphalia File:Wappen_Halberstadt.svg |Municipal arms of Halberstadt, Sachsen-Anhalt File:DEU Idar-Oberstein COA.svg |Municipal arms of Idar-Oberstein, Rhineland-Palatinate File:Wappen marpingen.jpg |Municipal arms of Marpingen, Saarland File:Wappen Oestrich-Winkel.svg |Municipal arms of Oestrich-Winkel, Hesse File:DEU Mommenheim COA.svg |Municipal arms of Mommenheim, Rhineland-Palatinate File:Dassendorf Wappen.png |Municipal arms of Dassendorf, Schleswig-Holstein File:COA Ilvesheim.svg |Municipal arms of Ilvesheim, Baden-Württemberg File:Wappen Sibbesse.png |Municipal arms of Sibbesse, Lower Saxony File:Wappen Stadt de Eppelborn.svg |Municipal arms of Eppelborn, Saarland File:Wappen Burgwedel.png |Municipal arms of Burgwedel, Lower Saxony File:Wappen Kleinblittersdorf.png |Municipal arms of Kleinblittersdorf, Saarland File:Wappen Wedemark.png |Municipal arms of Wedemark, Lower Saxony File:FRA_Wolfisheim_COA.svg |Municipal arms of Wolfisheim, Bas-Rhin department 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wolfsangel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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