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''Melanthera'', squarestem, is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae, native to North and South America, as well as Africa, Asia and Oceania, including Hawaii.〔Rohr, Julius Philip Benjamin von. 1792. Skrifter af Naturhistorie-Selskabet 2(1): 213–214〕〔Davidse, G., M. Sousa-Peña, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera. 2015. Asteraceae. 5(2): ined. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera (eds.) Flora Mesoamericana. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F..〕〔Parks, J. C. 1973. A revision of North American and Caribbean ''Melanthera'' (Compositae). Rhodora 75: 169–210.〕〔Pruski, J.F. 1997. Asteraceae. 3: 177–393. In J. A. Steyermark, P. E. Berry & B. K. Holst (eds.) Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis〕〔Wild, H. 1965. The African species of the genus ''Melanthera'' Rohr. Kirkia 5: 1–17〕 The generic name means "black anther."〔(Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 123 ''Melanthera'' Rohr, Skr. Naturhist.-Selsk. 2: 213. 1792. )〕 The most common species of this genus is ''Melanthera biflora'', found in the coastal areas and islands of the tropical belt of the Indo-Pacific region.〔(Response of Melanthera biflora to Salinity and Water Stress )〕 Together with ''Portulaca oleracea'', ''Ipomoea pes-caprae'' and ''Digitaria ciliaris'', ''Melanthera biflora'' is usually one of the first species colonizing degraded or altered environments in tropical zones of the planet.〔Heatwole, H., Done, T., Cameron, E. ''Community Ecology of a Coral Cay, A Study of One-Tree Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia.'' Series: Monographiae Biologicae, Vol. 43, p. 102〕 Despite their general hardiness, leaves of ''Melanthera'' species are often attacked by rusts such as ''Uromyces columbianus'' and ''Uromyces martinii''. ==Taxonomy== There are difficulties regarding the classification of this genus for its affinities are uncertain. Further studies are needed to clarify its taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships.〔(Phylogenetic relationships of subtribe Ecliptinae - American Journal of Botany )〕〔Orchard, Anthony E. 2013. The ''Wollastonia/Melanthera/Wedelia'' generic concept (Asteraceae:Ecliptinae), with particular reference to Australia and Malesia. Nuytsia 23:337-466 (as ''Acunniana procumbens'' (DC.) Orchard),〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Melanthera」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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