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Wolverhampton () is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England. At the 2011 census, it had population of 249,470.〔(KS01 Usual resident population Census 2001, Key Statistics for urban areas ) Office for National Statistics. Hectares converted into km2〕 People from Wolverhampton are known as "Wulfrunians". Historically part of Staffordshire, the city is named after Wulfrun, who founded the town in 985, from the- Anglo-Saxon ''Wulfrūnehēantūn'' = "Wulfrūn's high or principal enclosure or farm". Prior to the Norman Conquest, the area's name appears only as variants of ''Heantune'' or ''Hamtun'', the prefix ''Wulfrun'' or similar appearing in 1070 and thereafter.〔 Alternatively, the city may have earned its original name from ''Wulfereēantūn'' = "Wulfhere's high or principal enclosure or farm" after the Mercian King, who tradition tells us established an abbey in 659, though no evidence of an abbey has been found. The variation ''Wolveren Hampton'' is seen in medieval records, e.g. in 1381.〔Plea Rolls of the Court of Common Pleas; National Archives; CP 40/483; Year 1381; http://aalt.law.uh.edu/AALT6/R2/CP40no483/483_0027.htm; 6th entry (split between 2 lines)〕 The city grew initially as a market town with specialism within the woollen trade. During and after the Industrial Revolution, the city became a major industrial centre, with mining (mostly coal, limestone and iron ore) as well as production of steel, japanning, locks, motorcycles and cars – including the first vehicle to hold the Land speed record at over 200 mph. Today, the major industries within the city are both engineering based (including a large aerospace industry) and within the service sector.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Historic Cities in Western Europe )〕 ==History== A local tradition states that King Wulfhere of Mercia founded an abbey of St Mary at Wolverhampton in 659.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】title=The History of Wolverhampton the City and its People )〕 Wolverhampton is recorded as being the site of a decisive battle between the unified Mercian Angles and West Saxons against the raiding Danes in 910, although sources are unclear as to whether the battle itself took place in Wednesfield or Tettenhall. The Mercians and West Saxons claimed a decisive victory and the field of Woden is recognised by numerous place names in Wednesfield.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher = Wolverhampton City Council )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher = Skyscraper Page )〕 In 985, King Ethelred the Unready granted lands at a place referred to as ''Heantun'' to Lady Wulfrun by royal charter,〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher = Wolverhampton History and Heritage Society )〕 and hence founding the settlement. In 994, a monastery was consecrated in Wolverhampton for which Wulfrun granted land at Upper Arley in Worcestershire, Bilston, Willenhall, Wednesfield, Pelsall, Ogley Hay near Brownhills, Hilton near Wall, Hatherton, Kinvaston, Hilton near Wolverhampton, and Featherstone.〔 This became the site for the current St. Peter's Church.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher = Wolverhampton History and Heritage Society )〕 A statue of Lady Wulfrun, sculpted by Sir Charles Wheeler, can be seen on the stairs outside the church.〔 Wolverhampton is recorded in the Domesday Book in 1086 as being in the Hundred of Seisdon and the county of Staffordshire. The lords of the manor are listed as the canons of St Mary (the church's dedication was changed to St Peter after this date), with the tenant-in-chief being Samson, William the Conqueror's personal chaplain.〔Mander, G.P. (1960) ''A History Of Wolverhampton to the Early Nineteenth Century''. Wolverhampton Corporation. Page 19〕 Wolverhampton at this date is a large settlement of fifty households.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://domesdaymap.co.uk/place/SO9198/wolverhampton/ )〕 In 1179, there is mention of a market held in the town, and in 1204 it had come to the attention of King John that the town did not possess a Royal Charter for holding a market. This charter for a weekly market held on a Wednesday was eventually granted on 4 February 1258 by Henry III.〔 It is held that in the 14th and 15th centuries that Wolverhampton was one of the "staple towns" of the woollen trade,〔 which today can be seen by the inclusion of a woolpack on the city's coat of arms,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.wolverhamptonhistory.org.uk/politics/local_government/wolves/coat_arms/index.html?sid=d988a0dcd52acacef8612d4e5f01f4e6 )〕 and by the many small streets, especially in the city centre, called "Fold" (examples being Blossom's Fold, Farmers Fold, Townwell Fold and Victoria Fold), as well as Woolpack Street and Woolpack Alley.〔 In 1512, Sir Stephen Jenyns, a former Lord Mayor of London and a twice Master of the Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors, who was born in the city, founded Wolverhampton Grammar School, one of the oldest active schools in Britain.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher = Wolverhampton Grammar School )〕 From the 16th century onwards, Wolverhampton became home to a number of metal industries including lock and key making and iron and brass working. Wolverhampton suffered two Great Fires: the first in April 1590, and the second in September 1696. Both fires started in today's Salop Street. The first fire lasted for five days and left nearly 700 people homeless, whilst the second destroyed 60 homes in the first five hours. This second fire led to the purchase of the first fire engine within the city in September 1703.〔 On 27 January 1606,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Up to 1700, Wolverhampton History & Heritage Website )〕 two farmers, Thomas Smart and John Holyhead of Rowley Regis, were executed on High Green, now Queen Square, for sheltering two of the Gunpowder Plotters, Robert Wintour and Stephen Littleton,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Time Line for Rowley )〕 who had fled to the Midlands. The pair played no part in the original plot but nevertheless suffered a traitor's death of being hanged, drawn and quartered on butcher's blocks set up in the square a few days before the execution of Guy Fawkes and several other plotters in London.〔 There is also evidence that Wolverhampton may have been the location of the first working Newcomen Steam Engine in 1712. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wolverhampton」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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