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Wroxeter is a village in Shropshire, England. It forms part of the civil parish of Wroxeter and Uppington and is located besides the River Severn, about south-east of Shrewsbury. It is at the site of the Roman city of ''Viroconium Cornoviorum'', which was the fourth largest ''civitas'' capital in Roman Britain. ==History== (詳細はRoman city of Viroconium Cornoviorum, which was the 4th-largest tribal capital (''civitas'') in Roman Britain. The name—"Viroconium of the Cornovians"—preserves a native Brittonic name that has been reconstructed as *Uiroconion ("(city ) of *Uirokū"), where *''Uiro-ku'' ( "man"-"wolf") is believed to have been a masculine given name meaning "werewolf". The original site of the Cornovian capital (also thought to have been named *Uiroconion) was a hillfort on the Wrekin. The relocated Viroconium was established about 58 as a fortified camp (''castra'') for the Legio XIV Gemina during their invasion of Wales. The main section of the Watling Street Roman road runs across England between ''Dubris'' (Roman Dover) and Wroxeter. The 14th Legion was later replaced by the Legio XX Valeria Victrix, which was subsequently relocated to Chester. Around the year 88, the military abandoned the fortress and it was taken over by the Cornovians' civilian settlement. It prospered over the next century, with many public buildings, including thermae and a colonnaded forum. At its peak, it is thought to have been the 4th-largest settlement in Roman Britain, with a population of more than .〔Frere, S. S. ''Britannia: a History of Roman Britain.'' London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., 1987. ISBN 0-7102-1215-1.〕 The Roman city was rediscovered in 1859 when workmen began excavating the baths complex.〔(English Heritage: Wroxeter Roman City )〕 A replica Roman villa was constructed in 2010 for a Channel 4 television program called ''Rome Wasn't Built in a Day'' and was opened to the public on 19 February 2011.〔(BBC News ) Reconstructed Roman villa unveiled at Wroxeter〕 Following the Roman withdrawal from Britain around 410, the Cornovians seem to have divided into Pengwern and Powys. The minor Magonsæte sub-kingdom also emerged in the area in the interlude between Powysian and Mercian rule. Viroconium may have served as the early post-Roman capital of Powys prior to its removal to Mathrafal sometime before 717, following famine and plague in the area. The city has been variously identified with the 〔Newman, John Henry & al. (''Lives of the English Saints: St. German, Bishop of Auxerre'', Ch. X: "Britain in 429, A. D.", p. 92. ) James Toovey (London), 1844.〕 and 〔Ford, David Nash. "(The 28 Cities of Britain )" at Britannia. 2000.〕 which appeared in the 9th-century ''History of the Britons''’s list of the 28 cities of Britain.〔Nennius (). Theodor Mommsen (). ''Historia Brittonum'', VI. Composed after 830. Hosted at Latin Wikisource.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wroxeter」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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