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Ulfilas (–383), also known as Ulphilas and Orphila, all Latinized forms of Wulfila (, "Little Wolf"),〔Bennett, William H. ''An Introduction to the Gothic Language'', 1980, p. 23.〕 was a Goth of Cappadocian Greek descent who served as a bishop and missionary, translated the Bible, and participated in the Arian controversy. ==Biography== Ulfilas' parents were of non-Gothic Cappadocian Greek origin but had been enslaved by Goths and Ulfilas may have been born into captivity or made captive when young. Philostorgius, to whom we are indebted for much important information about Ulfilas, was a Cappadocian. He knew that the ancestors of Ulfilas had also come from Cappadocia, a region with which the Gothic community had always maintained close ties. Ulfilas's parents were captured by plundering Goths in the village of Sadagolthina in the city district of Parnassus and were carried off to Transdanubia. 〔History of the Goths. Herwig Wolfram〕This supposedly took place in 264. Raised as a Goth, he later became proficient in both Greek and Latin.〔 Ulfilas converted many among the Goths and preached an Arian Christianity, which, when they reached the western Mediterranean, set them apart from their Orthodox neighbours and subjects. Ulfilas was ordained a bishop by Eusebius of Nicomedia and returned to his people to work as a missionary. In 348, to escape religious persecution by a Gothic chief, probably Athanaric〔Mastrelli, Carlo A. ''Grammatica Gotica'', p. 34.〕 he obtained permission from Constantius II to migrate with his flock of converts to Moesia and settle near Nicopolis ad Istrum in modern northern Bulgaria. There, Ulfilas translated the Bible from Greek into the Gothic language and devised the Gothic alphabet.〔Socrates of Constantinople, ''Church History'', book 4, chapter 33. The Gothic alphabet was a modified Greek alphabet; see Wright, Joseph ''A Primer of the Gothic Language with Grammar, Notes, and Glossary'', p. 2. The most complete Gothic texts borrow elements from the Roman alphabet; see Bennett, William H. ''An Introduction to the Gothic Language'', p. 126.〕 Fragments of his translation have survived, notably the ''Codex Argenteus'' held since 1648 in the University Library of Uppsala in Sweden. A parchment page of this Bible was found in 1971 in the Speyer Cathedral.〔http://www.goruma.de/Wissen/KunstundKultur/WelterbestaettenUNESCO/Unesco_Welterbestaetten_Deutschland/kaiser_mariendom_speyer.html〕 According to 17th century scholar ,〔See Carolus Lundius, Zamolxis, Primus Getarum Legislator, Upsala 1687〕 Ulfilas created the Gothic alphabet based on the Getae's alphabet, with minor alterations. Carolus is quoting Bonaventura Vulcanius' book, ''De literis et lingua Getarum sive Gothorum'', (Lyon, 1597) and Johannes Magnus, Gothus, ''Historia de omnibus Gothorum Sueonumque regibus'', Roma, 1554, a book in which it has been published, for the first time, both the Getic alphabet, and the laws of the Getae legislator Zamolxis. But this, like other Lundius claims, lacks evidence and has been recognized as a work of propaganda designed to relate the Swedes with the Getae of classical sources. Currently their theses are picked up by Romanian nationalists, who claim their Dacian inheritance.〔(Carl Lundius ) at Dictionary of Swedish National Biography / Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (in swedish)〕〔See: Translation and Commentary at DACIA REVIVAL INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY / "(Zamolxis—the first lawgiver of the Getae )".〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ulfilas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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