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Five Ancestors Fist (''Wuzuquan'' or ''Ngo-cho Kun'') is a Southern Chinese martial art that consists of principles and techniques from five styles: * the breathing methods and iron body of Bodhidharma (達尊拳)〔Han Jin Yuan: ''Fundamentals of Nan Shaolin Wuzuquan, Vol. 1'', page 28, 2002.〕 * the posture and dynamic power of Luohan (羅漢拳)〔Han Jin Yuan: ''Fundamentals of Nan Shaolin Wuzuquan, Vol. 1'', page 29, 2002.〕 * the precision and efficient movement of Emperor Taizu (太祖拳)〔Han Jin Yuan: ''Fundamentals of Nan Shaolin Wuzuquan, Vol. 1'', page 30, 2002.〕 * the hand techniques and the complementary softness and hardness of Fujian White Crane (白鶴拳)〔Han Jin Yuan: ''Fundamentals of Nan Shaolin Wuzuquan, Vol. 1'', page 31, 2002.〕 * the agility and footwork of Monkey (猴拳)〔Han Jin Yuan: ''Fundamentals of Nan Shaolin Wuzuquan, Vol. 1'', page 32, 2002.〕 The combination of these five styles and their characteristic techniques were during the creation of the Five Ancestor System, consolidated by a sixth influence; Xuan Nu also known as Hian Loo(玄女拳).〔(Hian Loo (The Lady in the Green Dress) )〕 'The Lady in the Green Dress,' who introduced the most deadly of its techniques Dim Mak lethal strikes to the pressure points of the body. There are two versions of Wuzuquan’s history, with some putting the founding of the art around 1300 AD, while others put it as late as the 19th century. Five Ancestors has been attributed variously to Chua Giok Beng (蔡玉明 -or- 蔡玉鳴) (pinyin: Cài Yùmíng) of Jinjiang near Quanzhou in Fujian in the second half of the 19th century or to Bái Yùfeng,〔(The Creation of the Wuzuquan System )〕 a famous 13th century monk from the original Henan Shaolin Temple in the North of China to whom Five Animals style and Hóngquán (洪拳) have also been attributed. Despite the differences in their perspectives of the oral history and in their physical expression, the Cai (Chua) branch and the Bai branch clearly practise two versions of the same system: Wuzuquan. The Cai (Chua) branch also calls themselves He Yang Pai (鹤阳派), a tribute to Cai's teacher. Some practitioners also credit the influence of the Xuan Nu (玄女拳) system, with its emphasis on flowing movements and humility, for refining the art of Five Ancestors.〔Han Jin Yuan: ''Fundamentals of Nan Shaolin Wuzuquan, Vol. 1'', page 33, 2002.〕 One of the primary characteristics of Five Ancestors is its reliance on the Sam Chien (literally "three battles":三戦) stance and the corresponding hand form of the same name, which it obtained from Fujian White Crane. The "three battles" refer primarily to the three stages of Wuzu practitioners can achieve: combat preparation, combat tactic and combat strategy; all of which must be mastered in order to attained a good level. "Three Battles" has multi-faceted meaning: conceptual, physical, and spiritual. Sam Chien can also be said to allow development of the eight Five Ancestor principles and so, is considered the most important form in the style. Indeed, it is said that this form contains all the principles of the Five Ancestors system. Thus it is the first form taught to junior students, so that they may explore the essential points of Five Ancestors from the start of their training. Although the exact method depends on the school, Five Ancestors is known for its large variety of power generational methods. Due to the distinct character of each ancestor, these methods change depending on the power required. Some schools teach tension forms that develop power, of which there are about ten, and fist forms that train technique, of which there are dozens. Others stress a relaxed body, instead seeking maximum transmission of the relevant ''jin''. For the He Yang (何阳)branch/School, these 2 extremes are represented by the Lu Wanding/Lo Ban Teng (盧萬定) lineages representing the earlier. The teaching of Lu style is mostly in Indonesia (in the city of Jakarta and Surakarta/Solo). The latter is represented by the latter teaching of Shen Yangde/Sim Yang Tek (沈扬徳) whose style evolved from more direct in the earlier teaching In Xiamen to the "seeking maximum transmission of the relevant ''jin''"when he had moved to Singapore. The Surakarta/Solo branch has a unique execution as it integrates the Lu and the earlier Shen's teaching. The style was popularized in solo by Lin Shui Gang/Liem Tjoei Kang (林粹刚) who was the nephew of Lu as well as an adopted son of Shen. In the surface, it seems to be counter-intuitive to integrate two opposite spectrum of teaching. However, the underlying principle of He Yang lineages are the same and the integration follows the principles taught by Coshu He Yang and proven as effective as the other lineages. On top of this are miscellaneous hand forms, two-man forms (also known as form-drill) that may or may not include sticking hands, and forms for a comprehensive arsenal of weapons including rice bowl and chopsticks, umbrellas, even opium pipes. Over the decades masters have added to this list introducing material they considered relevant to the time. Five Ancestors is now taught in China, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Germany, Norway, Sweden, the United States, Switzerland, Canada, Denmark and Spain. ==Governance== The peak international body for Wuzuquan is the International South Shaolin Wuzuquan Federation, which was established in 1989. The twelfth and current President of the Federation is James Chee of Australia, who took over from John Graham of the United States in November 2011.〔(James Chee's appointment as twelfth Chairman )〕 The Federation convenes annually in Quanzhou, China with discussions held regarding the preservation of the art. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Five Ancestors」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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