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Wybutosine
In biochemistry, wybutosine (yW) is a heavily modified nucleoside of phenylalanine transfer RNA that stabilizes interactions between the codons and anti-codons during protein synthesis. Ensuring accurate synthesis of protein is essential in maintaining health as defects in tRNA modifications are able to cause disease. In eukaryotic organisms, it is found only in position 37, 3'-adjacent to the anticodon, of phenylalanine tRNA. Wybutosine enables correct translation through the stabilization of the codon-anticodon base pairing during the decoding process.
==Biosynthetic pathway==
Using an ''S. cerevisiae'' model, the biosynthetic pathway of wybutosine was proposed. Proceeding through a multi-enzymatic process, the first step of the synthesis involves the enzyme N1-methyltransferase TRM5 which methylates the G37 site of phenylalanine tRNA and converts it to m1G37. Then m1G37 acts as a substrate for the enzyme TYW1 and forms the tricyclic core of wybutosine with flavin mononucleotide (FMN) as a cofactor. The enzyme TYW2 then transfers the α-amino-α-carboxypropyl group from Ado-Met, a common substrate involved in methyl group transfers, to the lateral side chain at the C-7 position of yW-187 to form yW-86. TYW3 acts as a catalyst for N-4 methylation of yW-86 to produce yW-72. TYW4 and Ado-Met-dependent carboxymethyltransferase then methylates the α-carboxy group of yW-72 to give yW-57. Finally by a predicted second function of TYW4 or other unidentified factors, the methoxycarbonylation of the α-amino group of the yW-58 side chain gives the desired wybutosine molecule.〔
Wybutosine can also be efficiently chemically synthesized.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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