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Vogt
A ''Vogt'' (), from the Old High German, also ''Voigt'' or ''Fauth''); plural ''Vögte''; Dutch (land)''voogd''; Swedish ''fogde''; Danish ''foged''; (ポーランド語:wójt); Finnish ''vouti''; Romanian ''voit''); ultimately from Latin ''()vocatus'', in the Holy Roman Empire was a title of a reeve or advocate, an overlord (mostly of nobility) exerting guardianship or military protection as well as secular justice (''Blutgericht'') over a certain territory. The territory or area of responsibility of a Vogt is called a ''Vogtei'' (from ''()vocatia''). The term also denotes a mayor of a village.
==Frankish Empire==
The range of social status and degrees of responsibility of persons so titled varied greatly, from the humble—the equivalents of the English reeve or bailiff—to the very elevated. At the upper end of its social range the office of Vogt was frequently held by noble and princely families in relation to ecclesiastical territories, a position which such families often exploited to their own advantage, and it is in this connection that it is most commonly referred to.
The concept of the ''Vogt'' was related to the Old German idea of the ''Munt'', or guardian, but also included some ideas of physical defence and legal representation (whence the connection with ''advocatus'' or 'advocate').
From the time of Charlemagne, who had such officials appointed in ecclesiastical territories not directly under the control of his counts, the ''Vogt'' was a state functionary representing ecclesiastical dignitaries (such as bishops and abbots) or institutions in secular matters, and particularly before secular courts. Such representatives had been assigned to the church since late antiquity, as it was not supposed to act for itself in worldly affairs. Therefore, in areas such as the territories of abbeys and bishoprics, which by virtue of their ecclesiastical status were free (or immune) from the secular government of the local count (''Graf'', in origin an administrative official in charge of a territory and reporting to the emperor), the ''Vogt'' fulfilled the function of a protective lordship, generally commanding the military contingents of such areas (''Schirmvogtei''). Beyond that, he administered the high justice instead of the count from the ''Vogt court'' (''Vogtgericht'' or ''Blutgericht'').
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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