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Xenbase
Xenbase is a Model Organism Database (MOD), providing informatics resources, as well as genomic and biological data on Xenopus frogs.〔C. James-Zorn et al (1015) (Xenbase: Core features, data acquisition, and data processing ), genesis Special Issue: Model Organism Databases, Volume 53, Issue 8, pages 486–497〕〔J.B. Karpinka et al (2014) (Xenbase, the Xenopus model organism database; new virtualized system, data types and genomes ), Nucleic Acids Research, doi: 10.1093/nar/gku956〕
Xenbase has been available since 1999, and covers both X. laevis and X. tropicalis Xenopus varieties.〔P.D. Vize et al (2015) (Database and informatic challenges in representing both diploid and tetraploid Xenopus species in Xenbase ), Cytogenet Genome Res 2015;145:278-282〕 As of 2013 all of its services are running on virtual machines in a private cloud environment, making it one of the first MODs to do so.〔K. Karimi and P.D. Vize (2014). (The Virtual Xenbase: transitioning an online bioinformatics resource to a private cloud ), Database, doi: 10.1093/database/bau108〕 Other than hosting genomics data and tools, Xenbase supports the Xenopus research community though profiles for researchers and laboratories, job and events postings, and a number of discussion forums at http://forums.xenbase.org.
==Xenopus as a model organism==
(詳細はmodel organism is responsible for large amounts of new knowledge on embryonic development and cell biology. Xenopus has a number of unique experimental advantages as a vertebrate model. Paramount among these is the robustness of early embryos and their amenability to microinjection and microsurgery. This makes them a particularly attractive system for testing the ectopic activity of gene products and loss-of-function experiments using antagonizing reagents such as morpholinos, dominant-negatives and neomorphic proteins. Morpholinos are synthetic oligonucleotides that can be used to inhibit nuclear RNA splicing or mRNA translation and are the common gene inhibition reagent in Xenopus as neither siRNA or miRNA have yet been shown to reproducibly function in frog embryos.〔Eisen, J.a.S., J. . (2008). Controlling morpholino experiments: don't stop making antisense. Development, 135(10): p. 1735-1743.〕 Xenopus embryos develop very quickly and form a full set of differentiated tissues within days of fertilization, allowing rapid analysis of the effects of manipulating embryonic gene expression.〔Gene expression data for pax8 gene on (xenbase's site )〕 The large size of embryos and amenability to microinjection also makes them extremely well suited to microarray approaches. Furthermore, these same characteristics make Xenopus, one of the few vertebrate model organisms suited for chemical screens.〔Wheeler, G. N. and A. W. Brändli (2009). "Simple vertebrate models for chemical genetics and drug discovery screens: Lessons from zebrafish and Xenopus." Developmental dynamics 238(6): 1287-1308.〕 Xenbase provides a large database of images illustrating the full genome, movies detailing embryogenesis, and multiple online tools useful for designing and conducting experiments using ''Xenopus''.
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