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}} |other_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = Prefecture-level city |motto = |image_skyline =Xining Montage.jpg |imagesize =280px |image_caption =Clockwise from top: Ma Bufang Mansion, Duoba Mosque, Dongguan Mosque, Ta'er Temple. |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |city_logo = |citylogo_size = |image_map = Qinghai subdivisions - Xining.svg |mapsize = |map_caption = Location of Xining City jurisdiction in Qinghai |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = China |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption = Location in China |pushpin_mapsize = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = People's Republic of China |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Qinghai |subdivision_type2 = County-level divisions |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_type3 = Township divisions |subdivision_name3 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = CPC Xining |leader_name = |leader_title1 = Mayor |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 7372 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 =343 |area_metro_km2 =343 |population_as_of =2010 Census |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 2208708 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_metro =1198304 |population_density_metro_km2 =auto |population_urban =1198304 |population_density_urban_km2 =auto |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_blank2_title = |population_blank2= |timezone = China Standard |utc_offset = +8 |coordinates_region = CN-63 |coordinates_display = inline,title |latd= 36 |latm= 38 |latNS=N |longd=101 |longm=46 |longEW=E |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m =2275 |postal_code_type =Postal code |postal_code =810000 |area_code =971 |blank_name =License plate prefixes |blank_info =青A |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |blank2_name = |blank2_info = |blank3_name = |blank3_info = |blank4_name = |blank4_info = |website = (www.xining.gov.cn ) |footnotes = }} Xining (; ; (チベット語:ཟི་ལིང་།), ) is the capital of Qinghai province in western China,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/43598.htm )〕 and the largest city on the Tibetan Plateau. It has 2,208,708 inhabitants at the 2010 census whom 1,198,304 live in the built up area made of 4 urban districts. The city was a commercial hub along the Northern Silk Road's Hexi Corridor for over 2000 years, and was a stronghold of the Han, Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties' resistance against nomadic attacks from the west. Although long a part of Gansu province, Xining was added to Qinghai in 1928. Xining holds sites of religious significance to Muslims and Buddhists, including the Dongguan Mosque and Ta'er Monastery. The city lies in the Huangshui River valley, and owing to its high altitude, has a cold semi-arid climate. It is connected by rail to Lhasa, Tibet and Lanzhou, Gansu. ==History== Xining has a history of over 2,100 years〔() 〕 and was a chief commercial hub on the Hexi Corridor caravan route to Tibet, handling especially timber, wool and salt in ancient times. The trade along the Hexi Corridor was part of a larger trade corridor along the Northern Silk Road, whose use was intensified in the 1st century BC after efforts by the Han dynasty to control this route. Under the Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) a county called Linqiang was established to control the local Qiang tribesmen. It was again a frontier county under the Sui (581–618) and Tang (618–907) dynasties; during the 7th and early 8th centuries it was a center of constant warfare with Tuyuhun and Tibet. In 763, it was overrun by the Tibetans and while under Tibetan control was known to the Chinese as ''Qingtangcheng''. Recovered by the Song dynasty in 1104, it received the name Xining (meaning "peace in the west") and has been the seat of a prefecture or superior prefecture under that name since that time. In the late 16th century, the Ta'er Monastery was founded some to the southeast, establishing Xining as an important religious center for the Yellow Hat sect of Buddhists. A major earthquake occurred May 22, 1927 and measured 8.6 on Richter scale. It was one of the deadliest earthquakes with a total count of 200,000 deaths. It also caused large land fractures. Xining was the extraterritorial capital of the Koko Nor territory and remained in Gansu until 1928, when it became the provincial capital of the newly established independent province of Qinghai.〔(Original from the University of Michigan)〕 Xining was given municipal status in 1945. Under the rule of Governor Ma Bufang, Xining, like the rest of Qinghai, underwent industrialization and modernization. In 1947 the USA sold Ma Bufang a piped water (sewage) system which was installed in Xining. Ma Bufang also promoted education. He made businessmen methodically clean up Xining by serving as insect exterminators, killing flies and neatly throwing them away. Since the late 1950s, when the Liujia Gorge Dam and hydroelectric project came into operation in neighboring Gansu province, Xining has been linked by a high-tension electrical grid to both Liujia and Lanzhou. It also uses local coal from mines at Datongxian to the north. A modern woollen mill was installed at Xining before 1957. The city also has a leather industry and is a market for salt from the Qaidam region. During the late 1950s medium-sized iron and steelworks were built there, supplying metal to Lanzhou. Construction of a highway to the mineral-rich Qaidam basin, and completion in 1959 a link to the Chinese rail network via Lanzhou in Gansu province, has spurred industrial development. This effort was part of a plan of the central government to rapidly exploit oil and pasturage in the Xining area beginning in the 1950s. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Xining」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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