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''Xiaochi'' (Chinese: , p ''xiǎochī'', lit "small eats"〔Lin Ming-teh. ("Popular Food Culture in Taiwan." ) Taiwan Government Information Office website. Retrieved 15 December 2010.〕) are an important category of Chinese food, commonly found in ethnically Chinese areas in mainland China, Taiwan and around the world. ''Xiaochi'' are substantial snacks, which could be eaten together or with more substantial dishes like the Spanish tapas or Levantine meze, or alone as a light meal or snack like the French goûter. Xiaochi are not typically cooked in homes nor are they featured prominently on the menus of more formal restaurants (although a few courses of a multi-course banquet might be xiaochi). Instead, they are street food sold in markets at special stalls or small restaurants that specialize in a few or even just one xiaochi. Night markets are especially known for their specialty xiaochi food items. Here, xiaochi are either served as carry-out or sometimes at small tables with stools for seating. Taiwanese food critic Shu Kuo-chih describes xiaochi as "food from a street stall, shop or even a restaurant that comes in small portions and could never be considered a 'square meal' on its own. In New York, he says, 'hot dogs or nachos could be xiaochi.' Dim sum? Definitely."〔David Frazier. ("Man of the Streets." )〕 Xiaochi are highly local and, in some cases, one city's markets, or even one particular market or restaurant, can become famous for a particular type of food. The city will often become known for that food and the city name be used as an identifier or an attribution of quality (e.g. Chengdu xiaochi in Beijing). Specific types of xiaochi will often change from year to year with passing fads but staples persist. Xiaochi can often form part of the fourth meal of the day, the ''xiaoye'' (宵夜; "supper" or "midnight snack"), a small late evening meal. Even smaller pre-made side dishes (usually accompanying alcohol or a more substantial meal) are known as ''xiaocai'' (小菜, "small dish"). ==Types of ''Xiaochi''== ''Xiaochi'' occur in large and eclectic varieties throughout ethnically Chinese areas throughout the world. Typically, they are most commonly served by outlets ranging from market stalls to teahouses and restaurants in areas of heavy pedestrian traffic: for example near temples and markets in the commercial centres of towns and cities. The so-called "four great ''xiaochi'' clusters" of mainland China are all based around temples:〔Xinhua, (闻名全国的四大小吃群 ) ("The four great ''xiaochi'' clusters with nationwide fame"), 11 September 2006〕 the Temple to Confucius in Nanjing, the Xuanmiao Temple in Suzhou, the City God Temple in Shanghai, and the Fire Temple in Changsha. Traditionally, ''xiaochi'' is consumed as a light meal or snack between meals when visiting temples and markets. As a result, they are often self-contained and easily portable. In more modern times, markets have been built where the ''xiaochi'' is the main attraction. For example, at Beijing's Jiumen Xiaochi (九门小吃) market built in 2006, outlets include "Qian's glutinous rice cake, Wei's cheese juice, Li's flour tea, pouch-shaped baked wheaten cake, Yue Sheng Zhai's stewed marinated beef, Ma's water-boiled sheep head mutton, and Bai's jellied bean curd... Feng's boiled beef stomach, and Chen's boiled pork's small intestines and lungs with baked cake."〔("Snack resurrection." ) at ChinaDaily.com.cn. 13 July 2006. Retrieved 20 June 2008.〕 Many larger towns and cities feature a great variety of ''xiaochi'', and many ''xiaochi'' are found uniquely in only one or a few cities. Examples of ''xiaochi'' include: * soup-based dishes: soup noodles, rice vermicelli, wontons, tofu skin wraps, gluten wraps, tangyuan (rice dough balls); * pastries: ''jiaozi'' dumplings, ''baozi'' and ''mantou'' (steamed buns), xiaolongbao, fried pancakes, Tujia ''shaobing'' ("Tujia pizza" or "Chinese pizza"), ''zongzi''; * meat: salt-cured duck, steamed chicken, cold soy pork, sheep offal; * desserts: rice flour cakes, ''sachima'', ''tanghulu''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Xiaochi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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