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The Xuetes ((:ʃuˈətə); singular ''Xueta'', also known as ''Xuetons'' and spelled as Chuetas), were a social group on the island of Majorca, descendants of Majorcan Jews who either converted to Christianity or were forced to keep their religion hidden. They practiced strict endogamy. Many of their descendants observe a syncretist form of Christian worship. The Xuetes were stigmatized up until the first half of the 20th century. In the latter part of the century, the spread of religious freedom and laicism reduced both the social pressure and community ties. An estimated 18,000 people in the island carry Xueta surnames in the 21st century, but only a small fraction of the society (including those with Xueta surnames) is aware of the complex history of this group. == Etymology of Xueta == The Balearic word ''xueta'' derives, according to some experts, from ''juetó'', diminutive of ''jueu'' ("Jew") which give ''xuetó'', a term that also still survives. Other authors consider that it may derive from the word ''xulla'' (pronounced ''xuia'' or ''xua,'' which means a type of salted bacon and, by extension, pork) and, according to popular belief, refers to Xuetes who were seen eating pork to show that they did not practice Judaism. But this etymology has also been linked with the tendency, present in various cultures, of using offensive names related to pork to designate Jews and Jewish converts (see, for example ''Marrano''). A third possibility links both putative etymologies; the word ''xuia'' may have provoked the substitution of the ''j'' of ''juetó'' by the ''x'' of ''xuetó'', and ''xueta'' could have been imposed over ''xuetó'' by the greater phonetic resemblance with ''xuia''. The Xueta have also been called ''"del Segell"'' ("of Segell"), after a street on which many lived, or ''del carrer'' ("of the street") as a shortened form of ''"del carrer del Segell"''; possibly also by way of Castilian Spanish ''"de la calle"'', provoked from an approximate phonetic translation of ''"del call"'' ("of the Jewish quarter", "of the ghetto"; Catalan/Balear ''call'' means "street", often used as a designation for a ghetto, cf. Yiddish ''gass''), perhaps made by functionaries of the Spanish Inquisition of Castilian origin, in reference to the old Jewish quarter of the city of Palma. In modern times, it relates to the ''carrer de l'Argenteria'' or ''the street of the silversmiths'', after a Xueta street that defines the neighborhood around the church of Santa Eulàlia. This neighbourhood is where the majority of the Xueta lived, and takes its name from a popular occupation of that group. In some older official documents, the expressions ''"de gènere hebreorum"'' ("of Hebrew genus") or ''"d'estirp hebrea"'' ("of Hebrew lineage") are used . The Xueta have been referred to simply as ''jueus'' ("Jews") or, more frequently, by the Castilianism “judios”. The Xuetes, aware of the original offensive meaning of the term ''xuete'', have preferred to identify as ''"del Segell"'', ''"del carrer"'' or, most commonly, with ''"noltros"'' or ''"es nostros"'' ("us"), opposed to ''"ets altres"'' ("the others") or ''"es de fora del carrer"'' ("those from outside the street"). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Xueta」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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