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Xylazine is an analogue of clonidine and an agonist at the α2 class of adrenergic receptor.〔 It is used for sedation, anesthesia, muscle relaxation, and analgesia in animals such as horses, cattle and other non-human mammals.〔(Xylazine at drugs.com )〕 Veterinarians also use xylazine as an emetic, especially in cats.〔by Patricia M. Dowling & Johann (Hans) Coetzee for the Merck Manual. Last full review/revision March 2012 (Drugs to Control or Stimulate Vomiting ) (Monogastric)〕 In veterinary anesthesia, xylazine is often used in combination with ketamine. It is sold under many brand names worldwide, most notably the Bayer brand name Rompun.〔 It is also marketed as Anased, Sedazine, and Chanazine.〔 The drug interactions vary with different animals. It has become a drug of abuse, particularly in Puerto Rico,〔 where it is diverted from stocks used by equine veterinarians and used as a cutting agent for heroin.〔 ==History== Xylazine was discovered as an antihypertensive agent in 1962 by Farbenfabriken Bayer in Leverkusen, Germany. Results from early human clinical studies confirmed that xylazine has several central nervous system depressant effects.〔 Xylazine administration is used for sedation, anesthesia, muscle relaxation, and analgesia.〔 It causes a significant reduction in blood pressure and heart rate in healthy volunteers. Due to hazardous side effects, including hypotension and bradycardia, xylazine was not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for human use. As a result, xylazine's mechanism of action in humans remains unknown. Xylazine was approved by the FDA for veterinary use and is now used as an animal tranquilizer.〔 In the United States, xylazine was only approved by the FDA for veterinary use as a sedative, analgesic, and muscle relaxant in dogs, cats, horses, elk, fallow deer, mule deer, sika deer, and white-tailed deer.〔〔 The sedative and analgesic effects of xylazine are related to central nervous system depression. Xylazine’s muscle relaxant effect inhibits the transmission of neural impulses in the central nervous system. In scientific research, xylazine is a component of the most common anesthetic, ketamine-xylazine, which is used in rats, mice, hamster, and guinea pigs. The accounts of the actions and uses of xylazine in animals were reported as early as the late 1960s and early 1970s.〔 Since the early 2000s, xylazine has become popular as a drug of abuse in the United States and Puerto Rico. Xylazine’s street name in Puerto Rico is ''Anestesia de Caballo'', which roughly translates to “horse anesthetic."〔 The reasons that may explain why this drug has become increasingly popular are still unknown.〔 Further research is needed to gain more information on the distribution of xylazine in the body, physical symptoms, potential treatments, and predictive factors for chronic usage.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Xylazine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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