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YOYO-1
YOYO-1 is a green fluorescent dye used in DNA staining. It belongs to the family of monomethine cyanine dyes and is a tetracationic homodimer of Oxazole Yellow (abbreviated YO, hence the name YOYO), typically available as tetraiodide salt. In aqueous buffer, free YOYO-1 dye (absorption: λmax 458 nm, emission: λmax 564 nm) has very low fluorescence quantum yield, however the intensity of fluorescence increases 3200 times upon binding to double-stranded DNA (absorption: λmax 489 nm, emission: λmax 509 nm). ==Synthesis== YOYO-1 is prepared by alkylation of ''N'',''N'',''N’'',''N’''-tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine with 2 equivalents of ''N''-(3-iodopropyl) analogue of Oxazole Yellow,〔 which is available in three steps from 2-mercaptobenzoxazole:
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