|
The Yadavas (literally, descended from Yadu〔Franklin C. Southworth considers the word ''Yadava'' to be possibly Dravidian, meaning "herder", as it has no known Indo-European etymology (Southworth, Franklin C. (1995). ''Reconstructing social context from language: Indo-Aryan and Dravidian prehistory'', in George Erdösy (ed.) ''(The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity )'', Indian Philology and South Asian Studies, Vol. I, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co., ISBN 978-3-11-014447-5, p.266n〕) were an ancient Indian people who believed themselves to be descended from Yadu, a mythical king. The community was probably formed of four clans, being the Abhira, Andhaka, Vrishni, and Satvatas, who all worshipped Krishna.〔Society and religion: from Rugveda to Puranas By Jayant Gadkari, URL((http://books.google.co.in/books?id=Zst_7qaatp8C&pg=PA184))〕〔While discussing about the Puranic accounts, Hem Chandra Raychaudhuri used the term, ''Yadava clans'' for the Andhakas, the Vrishnis and the Kukuras (Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra (1972). ''Political History of Ancient India'', Calcutta: University of Calcutta, p.447fn3). But Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar used the term ''Yadava tribes'' for the Satvatas, the Andhakas and the Vrishnis (Bhandarkar, R. G. (1995). ''(Vaisnavism, Saivism and Minor Religious Systems )'', Delhi: Asian Educational Service, ISBN 978-81-206-0122-2, p.11).〕 They are listed in ancient Indian literature as the segments of the lineage of Yadu (''Yaduvamsha'').〔Thapar, Romila (1978, reprint 1996). ''Ancient Indian Social History: Some Interpretations'', New Delhi: Orient Longman, ISBN 978-81-250-0808-8, p.223〕 A number of communities and royal dynasties of ancient, medieval and modern Indian subcontinent, claiming their descents from the ancient Yadava clans and mythical Yadava personalities also describe themselves as the Yadavas.〔Kosambi, D. D. (1988). ''The Culture and Civilization of Ancient India in Historical Outline'', New Delhi: Vikas Publishng House, ISBN 978-0-7069-4200-2, p.116〕 Amongst the Yadava clans mentioned in ancient Indian literature, the Haihayas are believed to have descended from Sahasrajit, elder son of Yadu〔Pargiter, F.E. (1972) (). ''Ancient Indian Historical Tradition'', Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, p.87.〕 and all other Yadava clans, which include the Chedis, the Vidarbhas, the Satvatas, the Andhakas, the Kukuras, the Bhojas, the Vrishnis and the Shainyas are believed to have descended from Kroshtu or Kroshta, younger son of Yadu.〔Pargiter, F.E. (1972) (). ''Ancient Indian Historical Tradition'', Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, pp.102-4.〕 It can be inferred from the ''vamshanucharita'' (genealogy) sections of a number of major Puranas that, the Yadavas spread out over the Aravalli region, Gujarat, the Narmada valley, the northern Deccan and the eastern Ganges valley.〔Thapar, Romila (1978, reprint 1996). ''Ancient Indian Social History: Some Interpretations'', New Delhi: Orient Longman, ISBN 978-81-250-0808-8, pp.216-7〕 The ''Mahabharata'' and the Puranas mention that the Yadus or Yadavas, a confederacy comprising numerous clans were the rulers of the Mathura region. The ''Mahabharata'' also refers to the exodus of the Yadavas from Mathura to Dvaraka owing to pressure from the Paurava rulers of Magadha, and probably also from the Kurus〔Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra (1972) ''Political History of Ancient India'', Calcutta: University of Calcutta, pp.127-8〕 ==The Haihayas== (詳細はArjuna Kartavirya was mentioned as the most significant Haihaya king. He was called a ''Samrat'' and ''Chakravartin''. His name is found in the ''Rig Veda'' (VIII.45.26).〔Misra, V.S. (2007). ''Ancient Indian Dynasties'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, ISBN 978-81-7276-413-5, p.158〕 He conquered Mahishmati from Karkotaka Naga and made it his capital.〔Pargiter, F.E. (1972) (). ''Ancient Indian Historical Tradition'', Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, p.266〕 Later, the Haihayas were also known by the name of the most dominant clan amongst them — the Vitihotras. According to the ''Puranas'', Vitihotra was the great-grandson of Arjuna Kartavirya and eldest son of Talajangha.〔 Ripunjaya, the last Vitihotra ruler of Ujjayini was overthrown by his ''amatya'' (minister) Pulika, who placed his son, Pradyota on the throne.〔〔Raizada, Ajit (1992). ''Ujjayini'' (in Hindi), Bhopal: Directorate of Archaeology & Museums, Government of Madhya Pradesh, p.21〕 The ''Mahagovindasuttanta'' of the ''Dighanikaya'' mentions about an Avanti king Vessabhu (Vishvabhu) and his capital Mahissati (Mahishmati). Probably he was a Vitihotra ruler. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yadava」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|