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:''This article is about the national god of the Iron Age kingdoms of Israel and Judah. For other uses, see Yahweh (disambiguation). See also: Tetragrammaton.'' Yahweh (, or often in English; (ヘブライ語:יהוה)) is the national god of the ancient kingdoms of Israel (Samaria) and Judah. His origins are mysterious, although they reach back to the early Iron Age and even the Late Bronze: his name may have begun as an epithet of El, head of the Bronze Age Canaanite pantheon, but the earliest plausible mentions are in Egyptian texts that place him among the nomads of the southern Transjordan. In the oldest biblical literature, Yahweh is a typical ancient Near Eastern "divine warrior" who leads the heavenly army against Israel's enemies; he later became the main god of the Kingdom of Israel (Samaria) and of Judah, and over time the royal court and temple promoted Yahweh as the god of the entire cosmos, possessing all the positive qualities previously attributed to the other gods and goddesses. By the end of the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), the very existence of foreign gods was denied, and Yahweh was proclaimed as the creator of the cosmos and the true god of all the world. ==Bronze Age origins== Yahweh was the national god of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah, and appears to have been worshipped only in these two kingdoms. This was unusual in the Ancient Near East but not unknown–the god Ashur, for example, was worshipped only by the Assyrians. His origins are mysterious: his name may be a shortened form of a cultic formula relating to El, the head of the Canaanite pantheon (''el dū yahwī ṣaba’ôt'', "El who creates the hosts", meaning the heavenly army accompanying El as he marched beside the earthly armies of Israel), but the earliest possible occurrence is as a place-name ("land of Shasu of YHW") in an Egyptian inscription from the time of Amenhotep III (1402–1363 BCE), the Shasu being nomads from Midian and Edom. Knauf and others propose a North Arabian etymology, linking the name to the Semitic root ''hwy'', which would yield the meaning "he blows" appropriate to a weather divinity, and suit the indications in the Tanakh of Yahweh's southern origins.〔Bert Dicou, (''Edom, Israel's Brother and Antagonist: The Role of Edom in Biblical Prophecy and Story,'' ) A&C Black, 1994 pp.167-181, p.177.〕〔James S. Anderson, ( ''Monotheism and Yahweh's Appropriation of Baal,'' ) Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015 p.101.〕 There is considerable support—though not universal—for the view that the Egyptian inscriptions do refer to Yahweh. The question that arises is how he made his way to the north. A widely accepted hypothesis is that traders brought Yahweh to Israel along the caravan routes between Egypt and Canaan (this is called the Kenite hypothesis, after one of the groups involved). The strength of the Kenite hypothesis is the way it ties together various points of data, such as the absence of Yahweh from Canaan, his links with Edom and Midian in the biblical stories, and the Kenite or Midianite ties of Moses; but while it is highly plausible that the Kenites, Midianites and others may have introduced Israel to Yahweh, it is highly unlikely that they did so outside the borders of Israel or under the aegis of Moses, as the Exodus story has it. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yahweh」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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