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Yakiniku (焼き肉 or 焼肉), meaning "grilled meat", is a Japanese term which, in its broadest sense, refers to grilled meat dishes. "Yakiniku" originally referred to the "barbecue" of western food, which was given by Japanese writer Kanagaki Robun (仮名垣魯文) in his literature, "Seiyo Ryoritsu (meaning "western food handbook"), in 1872 (The Meiji period).〔()〕 Meat has been eaten in Japan since the Jōmon period. However, the rise of Buddhism made the eating of meat tabooed, and consequently some people have theorized that meat "disappeared" from the table from the Middle Ages to the Edo period.〔()〕 The term "yakiniku" became associated with Korean-derived cuisine during the early Showa period.〔Modern Japanese cuisine: food, power and national identity By Katarzyna Joanna Cwiertka〕〔Lie, John (2001). Multiethnic Japan. Harvard University Press, 77 ISBN 0-674-01358-1〕〔japan-guide.com () "Yakiniku-ya specialize in Korean style barbecue, where small pieces of meat are cooked on a grill at the table. Other popular Korean dishes such as bibimba are also usually available at a yakiniku-ya."〕〔Chantal Garcia Japanese BBQ a best kept L.A. secret, Daily Trojan, 11/10/04〕〔Noelle Chun Yakiniku lets you cook and choose, The Honolulu Advertiser, August 20, 2004〕〔Yakiniku and Bulgogi: Japanese, Korean, and Global Foodways 中國飲食文化 Vol.6 No.2 (2010/07)〕 Due to the Korean War, Korean restaurants in Japan were divided into North Korean (Kita Chōsen) and South Korean (Kankoku); "yakiniku restaurant" arose as a politically correct term to refer to restaurants of either type.〔 〕 Today, it commonly refers to a Japanese style of cooking bite-sized meat (usually beef and offal) and vegetables on gridirons or griddles over flame of wood charcoals carbonized by dry distillation (''sumibi'', 炭火) or gas/electric grill. In North America, mainland China and Taiwan, ''Yakiniku'' is also referred to as "Japanese barbecue"〔 〕 while in Japan the origin has become a subject of debate, though it is conventionally considered to be Korean cuisine. In 2002 the NHK program ''NHK Ningen Kouza'' (NHK人間講座, literally ''NHK Humanity Lecture'') stated: "While some tend to think that yakiniku came from Korea, it was born in post war Japan."〔2002年6月～7月期（月曜日）大好きな韓国 四方田犬彦 第五回「食事に見る世界観〕 Yet there are those who say that while yakiniku may have its beginnings in Japan, they believe it was first made by Zainichi Koreans (long-term Korean residents), and should therefore be considered Korean cuisine.〔『別冊BUBKA』2006年（平成18年）7月号〕 ''Yakiniku'' is a variant of bulgogi that has been modified by Zainichi Koreans to appeal to Japanese tastes.〔Race, Ethnicity and Migration in Modern Japan: Indigenous and colonial others By Michael Weiner (P236)() "Yakiniku is a Japanese word simply meaning "cooked meat" and used to denote a grilled meat cuisine found in Korean restaurants in Japan. The mainland Korean equivalent is Bulugogi but the two cuisines are not entirely the same Yakuniku is a variant of cooked meat that has been modified by Zainichi Koreans to appeal to Japanese tastes."〕 The present style of yakiniku restaurants are also derived from the Korean restaurants in Osaka and Tokyo which were opened around 1945.〔pulgogi.net "History of Yakiniku" () "昭和20年頃、焼肉屋のルーツといわれる東京の「明月館」、大阪千日前の「食道園」が開店しました。" ・ "昭和40年代 朝鮮半島問題がきっかけとなって、韓国を支持する派閥が自らの店を「韓国料理屋」と名乗りました。これに伴い、それまで全てが「朝鮮料理」「ホルモン屋」であったモノが、北朝鮮を支持する経営者が「焼肉店」を名乗るようになりました。これは苦肉の策で、プルゴギを日本語に直訳しました。"〕 In a yakiniku restaurant, diners order several types of prepared raw ingredients (either individually or as a set) which are brought to the table. The ingredients are cooked by the diners on a grill built into the table throughout the duration of the meal, several pieces at a time. The ingredients are then dipped in sauces known as ''tare'' before being eaten. The most common sauce is made of Japanese soy sauce mixed with sake, mirin, sugar, garlic, fruit juice and sesame.〔() ()〕 Garlic-and-shallot or miso-based dips are sometimes used. Different kinds of Korean side dishes like kimchi, nameul, bibimbap are also served alongside.〔(How Korean Cuisine Can Compete in the World, Chosun Ilbo, Feb.5,2008. )〕〔(Manhattanites Served Korean Food as Japanese ), Chosun Ilbo, Feb.4,2008.〕 ==History== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yakiniku」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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