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Yamagata Aritomo
Field Marshal Prince , also known as Yamagata Kyōsuke,〔Norman, E. Herbert and Lawrence Timothy Woods. "The Restoration." ''Japan's emergence as a modern state: political and economic problems of the Meiji period''. UBC Press. 2000. (65 ). Retrieved on August 6, 2009.〕 was a field marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army and twice Prime Minister of Japan. He is considered one of the architects of the military and political foundations of early modern Japan. Yamagata Aritomo can be seen as the father of Japanese militarism.
==Early career==
Yamagata was born in a lower-ranked ''samurai'' family from Hagi, the capital of the feudal domain of Chōshū (present-day Yamaguchi prefecture). He went to ''Shokasonjuku'', a private school run by Yoshida Shōin, where he devoted his energies to the growing underground movement to overthrow the Tokugawa shogunate. He was a commander in the ''Kiheitai'', a paramilitary organization created on semi-western lines by the Chōshū domain. During the Boshin War, the revolution of 1867 and 1868 often called the Meiji Restoration, he was a staff officer.
After the defeat of the Tokugawa, Yamagata together with Saigō Tsugumichi was selected by the leaders of the new government to go to Europe in 1869 to research European military systems. Yamagata like many Japanese was strongly influenced by the recent striking success of Prussia in transforming itself from an agricultural state to a leading modern industrial and military power. He accepted Prussian political ideas, which favored military expansion abroad and authoritarian government at home. On returning he was asked to organize a national army for Japan, and he became War Minister in 1873. Yamagata energetically modernized the fledgling Imperial Japanese Army, and modeled it after the Prussian army. He began a system of military conscription in 1873.
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