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| Yamato-damashii ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Yamato-damashii
is a term in the Japanese language meant to refer to the spiritual and cultural values and characteristics of the Japanese people. The phrase was coined in the Heian period to describe the indigenous Japanese 'spirit' or cultural values as opposed to cultural values of foreign nations such as those identified through contact with Tang dynasty China. Later, a qualitative contrast between Japanese and Chinese spirit was elicited from the term. Edo period writers and samurai used it to augment and support the Bushido concept of honor and valor. Japanese nationalists propagandized ''Yamato-damashii'' – 'the brave, daring, and indomitable spirit of Japanese people' – as one of the key Japanese military-political doctrines in the Showa period. English translations of ''Yamato-damashii'' include the 'Japanese spirit', 'Japanese soul', 'Yamato spirit', and 'The Soul of Old Japan'. Lafcadio Hearn mentions the latter in connection with Shinto.
'For this national type of moral character was invented the name ''Yamato-damashi'' (or ''Yamato-gokoro''), — the Soul of Yamato (or Heart of Yamato), — the appellation of the old province of Yamato, seat of the early emperors, being figuratively used for the entire country. We might correctly, though less literally, interpret the expression ''Yamato-damashi'' as 'The Soul of Old Japan.' (1904:177)
==Origin of the term==
Originally ''Yamato-damashi'' did not bear the bellicose weight or ideological timbre that it later assumed in pre-war modern Japan. It first occurs in the section of the ''Genji Monogatari'' (Chapter 21), as a native virtue that flourishes best, not as a contrast to foreign civilization but, rather precisely, when it is grounded on a solid basis in Chinese learning. Thus we read:
'No, the safe thing is to give him a good, solid fund of knowledge. It is when there is a fund of Chinese learning (''zae'' 才) that the Japanese spirit (''yamato-damashii'' 大和魂) is respected in the world.' (Murasaki Shikibu, ''The Tale of Genji'' tr. Edward Seidensticker, 1976, 1:362)
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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