|
Yama or Yamarāja is a god of death, belonging to an early stratum of Rigvedic deities. In Sanskrit, his name can be interpreted to mean "twin". In the ''Zend-Avesta'' of Zoroastrianism, he is called "Yima".〔F. Max Müller (Editor): The Zend-Avesta Part III, page 232〕 According to the Vishnu Purana, his parents are the sun-god Surya〔(Effectuation of Shani Adoration ) pg. 10-15.〕 and Sanjna, the daughter of Vishvakarman. Yama is the brother of Sraddhadeva Manu and of his older sister Yami, which Horace Hayman Wilson indicates to mean the Yamuna.〔H.H. Wilson: The Vishnu Purana Volume 1, page 384〕 According to Harivamsa Purana her name is Daya.〔Shanti Lal Nagar: Harivamsa Purana Volume 2, page 281〕 There is a one-of-a-kind temple in Srivanchiyam, Tamil Nadu dedicated to Yama. In the Vedas, Yama is said to have been the first mortal who died. By virtue of precedence, he became the ruler of the departed,〔() A.A. MacDonnell, Vedic Mythology pg. 172.〕 and is called "Lord of the Pitrs".〔Shanti Lal Nagar: Harivamsa Purana Volume 1, page 85〕 Mentioned in the Pāli Canon of Theravada Buddhism, Yama subsequently entered Buddhist mythology in Tibetan and East Asian Buddhism as a dharmapala under various transliterations. He is otherwise also called as "Dharmaraja". ==Hinduism== (詳細はHinduism,〔^ a b c Shulman pp.36-9, 41〕 Yama is the lokapala ("Guardian of the Directions") of the south and the son of Brahma. Three hymns (10, 14, and 35) in the 10th book of the Rig Veda are addressed to him. He has two dogs with four eyes and wide nostrils guarding the road to his abode (cf. hellhound). They are said to wander about among people as his messengers.〔Rigveda 10.14.10-12.〕 In the Puranas, Yama, although one of the most powerful controllers, is still subordinate to Shiva and Vishnu because they are different aspects of the overruling Brahman. A story of Yama's subordination to Shiva is well-illustrated in the case of Markandeya, where Shiva as Kalantaka ("Ender of Death") stops Yama and rescues his devotee Markandeya from his clutches. Another story found in the Bhagavata Purana shows Yama's subordination to Vishnu. The man Ajamila had committed many evil acts during his life such as stealing, abandoning his wife and children, and marrying a prostitute. At the moment of his death, he involuntarily chanted the name of Narayana (another Sanskrit name for Vishnu) and achieved moksha and was saved from the "yamdoot"s - the servants of Yama. Although Ajamila had actually been calling out the name of his youngest son, Narayana's name has powerful effects, and thus Ajamila was released from his great sins. Please note however that the "Vishnudoot"s - the servants of Vishnu didn't take Ajamila with them. Ajamila after having heard directly the conversation between the Yamadoots and Vishnudoots realized the importance of human life, left his family, did intense bhakti in Vrindavan and finally Vishnu appeared and granted him liberation from the death and re-birth cycle. In art, Yama is depicted with blue skin and red clothes and rides a water buffalo. He holds a loop of rope in his left hand with which he pulls the soul from the corpse. His earthly counterparts in Mahabharata were Yudhishthira and Vidura. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yama」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|