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Yanantin
Yanantin is one of the best known and most defining characteristics of indigenous South American Andean thought and exemplifies Andean adherence to a philosophical model based in what is often referred to as a "dualism of complementary terms"〔Ajaya, 1983, p. 15〕 or, simply, a “complementary dualism".〔Barnard & Spencer, 2002, p. 598〕 Much like in Chinese Taoism, Andean philosophy views the opposites of existence (such as male/female, dark/light, inner/outer) as interdependent and essential parts of a harmonious whole. Because existence itself is believed to be dependent upon the tension and balanced interchange between the polarities, there is a very definite ideological and practical commitment within indigenous Andean life to bringing the seemingly conflicting opposites into harmony with one another without destroying or altering either one. Among the indigenous people of Peru and Bolivia, the union of opposing yet interdependent energies is called ''yanantin'' or "complementary opposites."
== Etymology ==
In the Quechua language, the prefix ''yana-'' means ”help,” while its suffix ''-ntin'' means “inclusive in nature, with implications of totality, spatial inclusion of one thing in another, or identification of two elements as members of the same category".〔Platt, 1986, p. 245〕 Put together, ''yanantin'' has been translated as “the complement of difference.” However, according to some Andeans:
:For us, ''yanantin'' doesn’t focus on the differences between two beings. That is what disconnects them. Instead, we focus on the qualities that brought them together. That is ''yanantin''. We don’t really see the differences. That’s why we see them as not necessarily opposed, but as complementary. One on its own can’t hold everything, can’t take care of everything. Not only are they great together, but they need to be together. There is no other way. When there is another, it represents extra strength for both.〔Webb, 2012, p. 24〕
Some scholars〔Urton, 1988〕 break down the word ''yanantin'' slightly differently, translating ''yana-'' as “black” in the sense of “dark” or “obscure,” and contrast it to “light” (rather than in the sense of “black” as opposed to “white”).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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