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Medina (; (アラビア語:المدينة المنورة), ', "the radiant city"; or , ', "the city"), also transliterated as Madīnah, is a city in the Hejaz, and the capital of the Al Madinah Region of Saudi Arabia. The city contains al-Masjid an-Nabawi ("the Prophet's Mosque"), which is the burial place of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and is the second-holiest city in Islam after Mecca. Medina was Prophet Muhammad's destination after his Hijrah from Mecca, and became the capital of a rapidly increasing Muslim Empire, first under Muhammad's leadership, and then under the first three Rashidun caliphs Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthman. It served as the power base of Islam in its first century where the early Muslim community developed. Medina is home to the three oldest mosques, namely the Quba Mosque, al-Masjid an-Nabawi, and Masjid al-Qiblatayn ("the mosque of the two qiblas"). Muslims believe that the chronologically final surahs of the Quran were revealed to the Prophet in Medina, and are called Medinan surahs in contrast to the earlier Meccan surahs.〔(Historical value of the Qur'ân and the Ḥadith ) A.M. Khan〕〔(What Everyone Should Know About the Qur'an ) Ahmed Al-Laithy〕 Similar to Mecca, non-Muslims are forbidden from entering the sacred core of Medina (but not the entire city) or the city center by the national government.〔Sandra Mackey's account of her attempt to enter Mecca in 〕 ==Etymology== The Arabic word ' () simply means "the city". Before the advent of Islam, the city was known as ' (; ). The word ''Yathrib'' has been recorded in Surat al-Ahzab of the Quran. Also called Taiba ((:ˈtˤɑjbæ); ). An alternative name is ' () or ' "the city of the Prophet". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Medina」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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