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Yavne (), or Jamnia in some English texts, is a city in the Central District of Israel. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), at the end of 2013 the city had a population of 36,980. ==History== Yavne was one of the major ancient cities in the southern coastal plain, situated south of Jaffa, north of Ashdod, and east of the Mediterranean.〔(Rural settlement in the vicinity of Yavneh in the Byzantine period )〕 Excavations were carried out on the ancient raised tell which developed on a natural kurkar hill. The tell was inhabited, possibly continuously, until the British Mandate period. During some periods, especially the Byzantine period, settlement expanded to cover part of the plain and hills surrounding the tell.〔 Salvage excavations carried out in 2001 by the Israel Antiquities Authority uncovered several burials at the northern foot of the original tell. Most of the burials are dated to the later Iron Age. One burial points to a late Bronze Age occupation. The Hebrew Bible refers to ''Yavne'el'' (; 2 Chron. 26:6-8) (sometimes transliterated as ''Jebneel''), a border city between the tribal allotments of Judah and Dan. In Roman times, the city was known as ''Iamnia'', also spelled Jamnia. It was bequeathed by King Herod upon his death to his sister Salome. Upon her death it passed to Emperor Augustus who managed it as a private imperial estate, a status it was to maintain for at least a century. After the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, Rabban Yochanan Ben Zakkai moved the Sanhedrin to Yavne. Some scholars believe the so-called Council of Yavne met there. The Sanhedrin left Yavne for Usha in 80 CE and returned in 116 CE. Byzantine period finds from excavations include an aqueduct east of the tell, and a kiln. In 2007, remains ranging from the Early Islamic period until the British Mandate period were uncovered. An additional kiln, and part of a commercial/industrial area were uncovered at the west of the tell in 2009.〔 The Crusaders called the city Ibelin and built a castle there in 1141. Its namesake noble family, Ibelin, was important in the Kingdom of Jerusalem and later in the Kingdom of Cyprus. Ibelin was captured by Saladin in 1187. Salvage excavations at the west of the tell unearthed a stash of 53 Crusader coins of the 12th and 13th centuries. Maqam Abu Hurayra, described as "one of the finest domed mausoleums in Palestine", is located in Yavne. Since the 12th century, it has been known as a tomb of Abu Hurairah, a companion (sahaba) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. After 1948 the shrine has been taken over by Sephardic Jews who believe that the tomb is the burial place of Rabbi Gamaliel of Yavne.〔Mayer et al., (1950:22) Cited in 〕 Before the establishment of Israel, the Palestinian Arab village of Yibna was located there. In salvage excavations in 2001–2002, remains of the pre-state town were uncovered. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yavne」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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