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Yaxchilan
Yaxchilan () is an ancient Maya city located on the bank of the Usumacinta River in what is now the state of Chiapas, Mexico. In the Late Classic Period Yaxchilan was one of the most powerful Maya states along the course of the Usumacinta, with Piedras Negras as its major rival.〔Sharer & Traxler 2006, p. 421〕 Architectural styles in subordinate sites in the Usumacinta region demonstrate clear differences that mark a clear boundary between the two kingdoms.〔
Yaxchilan was a large center, important throughout the Classic era, and the dominant power of the Usumacinta River area. It dominated such smaller sites as Bonampak,〔Coe 1999, p.125.〕 and had a long rivalry with Piedras Negras and at least for a time with Tikal; it was a rival of Palenque, with which Yaxchilan warred in 654.
The site is particularly known for its well-preserved sculptured stone lintels set above the doorways of the main structures.〔Sharer & Traxler 2006, p. 435〕 These lintels, together with the stelae erected before the major buildings, contain hieroglyphic texts describing the dynastic history of the city.〔
==Etymology==
Epigraphers think that the ancient name for the city was probably the same as that of its realm, Pa' Chan. , meaning "Cleft (or broken) Sky".〔Martin 2004〕 Early archaeologist Désiré Charnay dubbed the ruins "Lorillard City" in honor of Pierre Lorillard who contributed to defray the expense of his expedition into the Maya zone, while Alfred Maudslay named it "Menché". 〔 Teoberto Maler gave it its modern name, said to mean "Green Stones" in an unspecified Maya language.〔〔Kelly 2001, p.348.〕 For some time, the Emblem Gylph was read as Siyaj Chan, or "Sky Born".〔Martin & Grube 2000, p. 119〕
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