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|pop2 = 550,000 |ref2 = |region3 = |pop3 = 70,000 |ref3 = |region4 = |pop4 = 60,586 |ref4 = |region6 = |pop6 = 35,272 (2011 census) |ref6 = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=2011 Armenian census )〕 |region7 = |pop7 = 30,843 |ref7 = 〔http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Georgia_Census_2002-_Ethnic_group_by_major_administrative-territorial_units.pdf〕 |region8 = |pop8 = 10,000 |ref8 = |region9 = |pop9 = 7,000 |ref9 = 〔 |languages = Kurmanji (Latin script)〔(The Yezidis1 ) are a heterodox Kurdish-speaking community]〕〔(Religion in Kurdistan )〕 |scriptures = Yazidi Book of Revelation (Kitêba Cilwe) Yazidi Black Book (Mishefa Reş) |religion = Yazidism, a kind of Yazdânism}} The Yazidis (also Yezidi, ''Êzidî''; (ペルシア語:ایزدی ) ''ɪzadi''; ) are an ethno-religious group〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Religion of the Peacock Angel )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ethno-territorial conflict and coexistence in the caucasus, Central Asia and ... - Babak Rezvani - Google Books )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Turkey and the Politics of National Identity )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Fate of Yazidi Women Captured by ISIS )〕 whose syncretic and ancient religion Yazidism (a kind of Yazdânism) is linked to Zoroastrianism and ancient Mesopotamian religions; however Yazidis form a distinct and independent religious community and have their own culture.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Who, What, Why: Who are the Yazidis? )〕 They live primarily in the Nineveh Province of Iraq. Additional communities in Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, Iran, and Syria have been in decline since the 1990s as a result of significant migration to Europe, especially to Germany. In Armenia, the Yazidis are recognized as a distinct ethnic group and generally do not consider themselves to be Kurdish. The issue is controversial and highly politicized. The Yazidis are monotheists,〔 *(''The Religion of the Yezidis: Religious Texts of the Yezidis: Translation, Introd. and Notes'', by Giuseppe Furlani, J.M. Unvala, 1940 -- "The religion of the Yezidis is monotheistic" pg. 3 ) *(The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion, by Birgul Acikyildizm, I.B.Tauris, August 20, 2014 -- "...the monotheism of the Yezidis..." pg. 71 ) *(Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania, by Barbara A. West, Infobase Publishing, January 1, 2009 -- "...the ancient Yezidi religion (monotheist with elements of nature worship)..." p.53 ) *(''Religious Freedom in the World'', by Paul A. Marshall, Rowman & Littlefield, 2000 -- "The Ezidi ("Yezidi") religion, a monotheistic faith..." p. 212 )〕 believing in God as creator of the world, which he has placed under the care of seven holy beings or angels, the chief of whom is Melek Taus, the Peacock Angel. The Peacock Angel, as world-ruler, causes both good and bad to befall individuals, and this ambivalent character is reflected in myths of his own temporary fall from God's favour, before his remorseful tears extinguished the fires of his hellish prison and he was reconciled with God. This belief builds on Sufi mystical reflections on the Jinn Iblis, who proudly refused to violate monotheism by worshipping Adam and Eve despite God's expressed command to do so.〔Asatrian and Arakelova 2014, 26-29〕 Because of this connection to the Sufi Iblis tradition, some followers of other monotheistic religions of the region equate the Peacock Angel with their own unredeemed evil spirit Satan,〔"Kurdish Society" by Martin Van Bruinessen, in (The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview ), ed. Philip G. Kreyenbroek, Stefan Sperl, Routledge, 17 August 2005, (p. 29 "The Peacock Angel (Malak Tawus) whom they worship may be identified with Satan, but is to them not the lord of Evil as he is to Muslims and Christians" ). Retrieved 3 July 2015.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Yezidis )〕〔"(Iraq crisis: who are the Yazidis and why is Isis hunting them? )". ''The Guardian''. 8 August 2014.〕 which has incited centuries of persecution of the Yazidis as "devil worshippers." Persecution of Yazidis has continued in their home communities within the borders of modern Iraq, under fundamentalist Sunni Muslim revolutionaries. Starting in August 2014, the Yazidis were targeted by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in its campaign to "purify" Iraq and neighbouring countries of non-Islamic influences.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=3 July 2015 )〕 ==Demographics== Historically, the Yazidis lived primarily in communities in locales that are in present-day Iraq, Turkey, and Syria, and also had significant numbers in Armenia, Georgia and Iran. However, events since the 20th century have resulted in considerable demographic shift in these areas as well as mass emigration.〔 As a result, population estimates are unclear in many regions, and estimates of the size of the total population vary.〔 The bulk of the Yazidi population lives in Iraq, where they make up an important minority community.〔 Estimates of the size of these communities vary significantly, between 70,000 and 500,000. They are particularly concentrated in northern Iraq in the Nineveh Province. The two biggest communities are in Shekhan, northeast of Mosul, and in Sinjar, at the Syrian border west of Mosul. In Shekhan is the shrine of Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir at Lalish. During the 20th century, the Shekhan community struggled for dominance with the more conservative Sinjar community.〔 The demographic profile has probably changed considerably since the beginning of the Iraq War in 2003 and the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime.〔 Yazidis in Syria live primarily in two communities, one in the Al-Jazira area and the other in the Kurd-Dagh.〔 Population numbers for the Syrian Yazidi community are unclear. In 1963, the community was estimated at about 10,000, according to the national census, but numbers for 1987 were unavailable.〔Federal Research Division. (''Syria''. "Chapter 5: Religious Life" ). Library of Congress Country Studies. Retrieved 20 August 2010.〕 There may be between about 12,000 and 15,000 Yazidis in Syria today,〔 though more than half of the community may have emigrated from Syria since the 1980s.〔 Estimates are further complicated by the arrival of as many as 50,000 Yazidi refugees from Iraq during the Iraq War.〔 The Turkish Yazidi community declined precipitously during the 20th century. By 1982, it had decreased to about 30,000, and, in 2009, there were fewer than 500. Most Turkish Yazidis have immigrated to Europe, particularly Germany; those who remain reside primarily in their former heartland of Tur Abdin.〔 Population estimates for the communities in Georgia and Armenia vary, but they too have declined severely. In Georgia, the community fell from around 30,000 people to fewer than 5,000 during the 1990s.〔 The numbers in Armenia may have been somewhat more stable; there may be around 40,000 Yazidis still in Armenia.〔 1.3% of 2,971,650 (July 2007 est.) = 38631.45.〕 Most Georgian and Armenian Yazidis have relocated to Russia,〔 which recorded a population of 31,273 Yazidis in the 2002 census.〔 This mass emigration has resulted in the establishment of large Yazidi diaspora communities abroad. The most significant of these is in Germany, which now has a Yazidi community of more than 100,000 Yazidis living primarily in Celle, Bremen, Bad Oeynhausen, and Oldenburg.〔 Most are from Turkey and, more recently, Iraq and live in the western states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony.〔 Since 2008, Sweden has seen sizeable growth in its Yazidi emigrant community, which had grown to around 4,000 by 2010,〔 and a smaller community exists in the Netherlands.〔 Other Yazidi diaspora groups live in Belgium, Denmark, France, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, and Australia; these have a total population of probably less than 5,000.〔 In August 2007, some 500 Yazidis were killed in a coordinated series of bombings in Qahtaniya that became the deadliest suicide attack since the Iraq War began. In August 2009, at least 20 people were killed and 30 wounded in a double suicide bombing in northern Iraq, an Iraqi Interior Ministry official said. Two suicide bombers with explosive vests carried out the attack at a cafe in Sinjar, west of Mosul. In Sinjar, many townspeople are members of the Yazidi minority. The Salafist militant group the so-called "Islamic State", which considers the Yazidis devil-worshippers, captured Sinjar in August 2014 following the withdrawal of Peshmerga troops, forcing up to 50,000 Yazidis to flee into the nearby mountainous region. Threatened with death at the hands of militants, they faced starvation in the mountains, and their plight received international media coverage, leading American President Barack Obama to authorize humanitarian air drops of food and water onto Sinjar Mountain and US airstrikes against militants in support of the beleaguered religious minority. American humanitarian assistance began on 7 August 2014, with Royal Air Force subsequently contributing to the relief effort. At an emergency meeting in London, Australian prime minister Tony Abbott also pledged humanitarian support, while European nations resolved to join the US in helping to arm Peshmerga fighters aiding the Yazidis with more advanced weaponry. Although Kurdish troops managed to rescue several thousand Yazidi refugees via a humanitarian corridor, helping them cross the Tigris into Syria, one relief worker in the evacuation operation described the conditions on Mount Sinjar as "a genocide", having witnessed hundreds of corpses. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yazidis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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