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The Yeniseian languages (lenessian) (sometimes known as Yeniseic or Yenisei-Ostyak;〔"Ostyak" is a concept of areal rather than genetic linguistics. In addition to the Yeniseian languages it also includes the Uralic languages Khanty and Selkup.〕 occasionally spelled with -ss-) are a language family whose languages are and were spoken in the Yenisei River region of central Siberia. ==Family division== 0. ''Proto-Yeniseian'' (before 500 BC; split around 1 AD) :1. ''Northern Yeniseian'' (split around 700 AD) ::1.1. Ket (200 speakers) ::1.2. Yugh ''†'' (extinct by 1990) :2. ''Southern Yeniseian †'' ::2.1. Kott–Assan (split around 1200 AD) :::2.1.1. Kott ''†'' (extinct by the mid-1800s) :::2.1.2. Assan ''†'' (extinct by 1800) ::2.2. Arin–Pumpokol (split around 550 AD) :::2.2.1. Arin ''†'' (extinct by 1800) :::2.2.2. Pumpokol ''†'' (extinct by 1750) Only two languages of this family survived into the 20th century, Ket (also known as ''Imbat Ket''), with around 200 speakers, and Yugh (also known as ''Sym Ket''), which is now extinct. The other known members of this family, Arin, Assan, Pumpokol, and Kott, have been extinct for over two centuries. Other groups – ''Buklin'', ''Baikot'', ''Yarin'', ''Yastin'', ''Ashkyshtym'', and ''Koibalkyshtym'' – are identifiable as Yeniseic-speaking from tsarist fur-tax records compiled during the 17th century, but nothing remains of their languages except a few proper names. It appears from Chinese sources that a Yeniseian group might have been among the peoples that made up the tribal confederation known as the Xiongnu,〔See Vovin 2000, Vovin 2002 and Pulleyblank 2002〕 who have traditionally been considered the ancestors of the Huns, but these suggestions are difficult to substantiate due to the paucity of data.〔See Vajda 2008a〕 One sentence of the language of the Jie, a Xiongnu tribe who founded the Later Zhao state, appears consistent with being a Yeniseian language.〔Vovin, Alexander. "Did the Xiongnu speak a Yeniseian language?". Central Asiatic Journal 44/1 (2000), pp. 87–104.〕 A proposal connecting Yeniseian to Na-Dené, one of the major language families of indigenous peoples in North America, has been met with a cautious welcome. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yeniseian languages」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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