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Yepáchic (= Yepachi), Chihuahua, Mexico Yepáchic is a community in the western part of the Mexican State of Chihuahua, approximately 10 km east of the boundary with the State of Sonora. It is located in the Municipio de Temósachic at an altitude of 1780 meters in the Sierra Madre Occidental. Many of the people of the region are members of the indigenous ethnic group called Mountain Pima or the Pima Bajo. They are related to the Pima and Papago (Tohono O’odham) of Arizona and northern Sonora, speaking a similar but distinct language.〔Estrada-Fernández, Zarina. 1998. Pima bajo de Yepachi, Chihuahua (Archivo de Lenguas Indigenas de Mexico). Colegio de México.〕 Most maps give the name as Yepáchic, but the citizens in the town and the road signs in the vicinity spell it Yepachi. The population in 2010 was officially listed as 851, but this number swells to a few thousand on the holidays when people from small hamlets in the surrounding region congregate in Yepáchic. The climate of the region is one of the coolest in all of Mexico. Snow is not uncommon for the region in the winter. Spring and Fall are dry seasons, with thunderstorms prevalent in late summer.〔Wallen, C.C. 1955. Some characteristics of precipitation in Mexico. Geografiska Annaler 37:51-85.〕〔Hastings, J.R. 1964. Climatological data for Sonora and northeastern Sinaloa. University of Arizona Institute of Atmospheric Physical Technical Report on the Meteorology and Climatology of Arid Lands 15.〕 Predominant vegetation in the region is a mixed forest of pine and oak.〔Rzedowski, J. 1986. Vegetación de México. Ed. Limusa, México D.F.〕 Mountains are frequently rather steep, often with loose crumbling soil preventing easy travel. South of Yepáchic, there is a deep canyon with thorny, scrub vegetation characteristic of more arid regions.〔P.W.Martin, T.R. Van Devender, D.A. Yetman, M.E. Fishbein, P.D. Jenkins. 1998. Gentry's Rio Mayo Plants: The Tropical Deciduous Forest and Environs of Northwest Mexico. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.〕 Some of the flatter regions have been cleared for farming. The people of the region plant maize, beans, squash, potatoes, and various other crops. They also raise cattle, goats, pigs, chickens, turkeys, and other livestock. The local people eat most of the crops themselves, but most of the cattle raised is sold to buyers from the lowlands. There is also lumbering in the region, a needed source of income for the people of the area.〔(Laferriere, J.E. 1991. Optimal Use of Ethnobotanical Resources by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico. PhD Dissertation, University of Arizona. )〕 ==History== Yepáchic traces its recorded history to 1677, when Jesuit (Compañía de Jésus) missionaries settled in the area. The rugged terrain had prevented Spanish attempts at pacification of the region before that date. The old mission church built in Yepáchic is still in use today, the only such mission church still standing in the region.〔Laferrière, Joseph E., & Willard Van Asdall. 1991. Plant use in Mountain Pima holiday decorations. Kiva 57:27-38.〕 Yepáchic was affected in the 17th Century by anti-Spanish uprisings by the Tarahumara to the south, and later in the 19th Century by Apache raids from the north. The town was briefly abandoned several times because of these conflicts.〔Pennington, CW. 1963. The Tarahumar of Mexico, their material culture. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City〕 As recently as the 1890s, virtually all the residents of Yepáchic were of Pima heritage. In more recent decades, mestizos from the Mexican lowlands have migrated into the area, and now own most of the homes and nearly all the shops in the center of town. Pima continue to inhabit outlying areas.〔 The region continued to be isolated and largely untouched by the outside world through the middle of the 20th Century.〔 There was no road into the area until the 1930s, when a primitive dirt road was built. A much better gravel road replaced this in the 1970s, crossing the mountains and allowing traffic to cross the mountains for the first time. This road was paved in 1990, resulting in regular bus service and a large amount of commercial trucking between Chihuahua and Hermosillo passing through the Pima region. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yepachic」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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