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Yeşilköy ((:jeˈʃilcøj); prior to 1926, San Stefano or ''Santo Stefano'' from the Greek: Άγιος Στέφανος pronounced ''Ayos Stefanos'', rendered in Turkish as ''Ayastefanos'', (ブルガリア語:Сан Стефано)) is a neighbourhood ((トルコ語:mahalle)) in the district of Bakırköy Istanbul, Turkey. It is located along the Marmara Sea about west of Istanbul's historic city centre. Before the rapid increase of Istanbul's population in the 1970s, Yeşilköy was merely a village and a sea resort. ==History== The original name, ''San Stefano'', in use until 1926, derives from a legend: in the early 13th century, the ship carrying Saint Stephen's relics to Rome from a Constantinople, sacked by the crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, was forced to stop here because of a storm. The relics were taken to a church until the sea calmed down, and this gave the name to the church and to the place.〔Tuna(2004)〕 It is still referred to by its original name in Bulgarian and Greek. In 1203, the beach of Agios Stefanos was the site of disembarkation of the Latin army of the Fourth Crusade, which would conquer Constantinople the following year. In the 19th century, the whole village was owned by the powerful Armenian ''Dadyan'' family.〔 During the Crimean War, the French forces were stationed here, and built one of the three historic lighthouses of Istanbul still in use.〔 San Stefano was where in 1878 the Russian forces stopped its advance towards Constantinople at the end of the Russo-Turkish War and was the location where the Treaty of San Stefano was signed between the Russian and Ottoman empires.〔 In 1909, the decision to send Sultan Abdülhamid II in exile to Thessaloniki was taken by the members of the Committee of Union and Progress at the Yacht club of San Stefano.〔 On 10 July 1894, San Stefano – as the whole Marmara region of Constantinople – was hit by a strong earthquake, followed by a tsunami.〔 〕 The sea receded 100 meters from the shore and the following tsunami created giant waves which devastated the coast.〔 The boathouse, the docks and large wooden structures were damaged, many houses were destroyed or damaged and also the train track was severely damaged by the quake.〔 San Stefano was where the first aviation facilities were built in the Ottoman Empire in 1912 and an aviation school was set up and later developed by German officers to train pilots for the Ottoman Aviation Squadrons. In 1912, during the Balkan Wars, thousands of soldiers sick because of cholera were brought here, and about 3,000 of them died and were buried near the train station.〔 Shortly after the Ottomans′ entry into the First World War as Germany′s ally, on 14 November 1914, a monument erected here in 1898 to commemorate the Russian soldiers who died in 1878, was blown up by the Ottoman military as a propaganda event;〔Dilek Kaya Mutlu. (''The Russian Monument at Ayastefanos (San Stefano): Between Defeat andRevenge, Remembering and Forgetting'' )〕 the demolition is thought to have been filmed by the first Turkish filmmaker Fuat Uzkınay and thus is officially deemed to be the birth of Turkish cinema.〔(Turkish cinema to celebrate 99th year ) Hurriyet 11 November 2013.〕 In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, San Stefano was a favourite coastal resort and hunting place for Constantinople's upper classes, and had a mixed population, made of Turks, Greeks, (now almost completely emigrated), Armenians (who still live there in numbers) and Levantines (Italian and French people, now almost completely emigrated).〔 As a legacy of the district's cosmopolitan character, an Italian mission, an Italian Catholic church and cemetery, Armenian church and Greek churches still exist in the area. All the churches are dedicated to St. Stephen.〔 In 1926 the village was named Yeşilköy which means "Green Village" in Turkish. It is believed that the writer Halit Ziya Uşakligil who lived there at the time gave this new name to the village.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yeşilköy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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