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The Youth International Party, whose members were commonly called Yippies, was a radically youth-oriented and countercultural revolutionary offshoot of the free speech and anti-war movements of the 1960s. It was founded on December 31, 1967.〔Paul Krassner, Confessions of a raving, unconfined nut: misadventures in the counter-culture, Page 156, Simon & Schuster, 1993〕〔Neil A. Hamilton, The ABC-CLIO companion to the 1960s counterculture in America, Page 339, ABC-CLIO, 1997〕 They employed theatrical gestures, such as advancing a pig ("Pigasus the Immortal") as a candidate for President in 1968, to mock the social status quo. They have been described as a highly theatrical, anti-authoritarian and anarchist〔Abbie Hoffman, Soon to be a Major Motion Picture, page 128. Perigee Books, 1980.〕 youth movement of "symbolic politics". Since they were well known for street theater and politically themed pranks, many of the "old school" political left either ignored or denounced them. According to ABC News, "The group was known for street theater pranks and was once referred to as the 'Groucho Marxists'."〔(ABC News )〕 ==Background== The Yippies had no formal membership or hierarchy. Abbie Hoffman, Anita Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, Nancy Kurshan, and Paul Krassner founded the Yippies (according to his own account, Krassner coined the name) at a meeting in Abbie and Anita's New York flat on December 31, 1967.〔Jerry Rubin, DO IT! Scenarios of the Revolution, page 81, Simon and Schuster, 1970.〕 "If the press had created 'hippie,' could not we five hatch the 'yippie'?" Abbie Hoffman wrote.〔 Other activists associated with the Yippies include Stew Albert, Ed Rosenthal, Allen Ginsberg, Ed Sanders, Robin Morgan, Phil Ochs, Robert M. Ockene, William Kunstler, Jonah Raskin, Steve Conliff, John Sinclair, Dana Beal, Matthew Landy Steen, Judy Gumbo, Ben Masel, Tom Forcade, David Peel, Tuli Kupferberg, Jill Johnston, Daisy Deadhead 〔YIPster Times, p. 2, December 1977〕 and Bob Fass.〔David Lewis Stein, Living the Revolution: The Yippies in Chicago, Page 11, The Bobbs-merrill Company, 1969.〕 A Yippie flag was frequently seen at anti-war demonstrations. The flag had a black background with a five-pointed red star in the center, and a green cannabis leaf superimposed over it. When asked about the Yippie flag, an anonymous Yippie identified only as "Jung" told the ''New York Times'' that "The black is for anarchy. The red star is for our five point program. And the leaf is for marijuana, which is for getting ecologically stoned without polluting the environment."〔https://books.google.com/books?id=znjlwbfZOTcC&pg=PA78&lpg=PA78&dq=yippie+flag+five+point&source=bl&ots=_bwqn0E1zE&sig=zPprWanO0rqy9gz7N7L0reaFgo8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDYQ6AEwA2oVChMI-avaw5KEyAIViEuSCh2PIQSX#v=onepage&q=yippie%20flag%20five%20point&f=false〕 This flag is also mentioned in Hoffman's ''Steal This Book''.〔Abbie Hoffman, Steal This Book, page 73. Grove Press, 1971.〕 Abbie Hoffman and Jerry Rubin became the most famous Yippies—and bestselling authors—in part due to publicity surrounding the five-month Chicago Seven Conspiracy trial of 1969. They both used the phrase "ideology is a brain disease" to separate the Yippies from mainstream political parties that played the game by the rules. Hoffman and Rubin were arguably the most colorful of the seven defendants accused of criminal conspiracy and inciting to riot at the August 1968 Democratic National Convention. Hoffman and Rubin used the trial as a platform for Yippie antics—at one point, they showed up in court attired in judicial robes. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Youth International Party」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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