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The ''Yi Zhou Shu'' () is a compendium of Chinese historical documents about the Western Zhou period (1046–771 BCE). Its textual history began with a (4th century BCE) text/compendium known as the ''Zhou Shu'' ("Book of Zhou"), which was possibly not differentiated from the corpus of the same name in the extant ''Book of Documents''. Western Han dynasty (206-9 BCE) editors listed 70 chapters of YZS, of which 59 are extant as texts, and the rest only as chapter titles. Such condition is described for the first time by Wang Shihan 王士漢 in 1669.〔Zhou Yuxiu, 61.〕 Circulation ways of the individual chapters before that point (merging of different texts or single text's editions, substitution, addition, conflation with commentaries etc.) are subject to scholarly debates (see below). Traditional Chinese historiography classified the ''Yi Zhou Shu'' as a ''zashi'' 雜史 "unofficial history" and excluded it from the canonical dynastic ''Twenty-Four Histories''. ==Titles== This early Chinese historical text has four titles: ''Zhou zhi'', ''Zhou shu'' "Documents/Book of Zhou", ''Yi Zhoushu'' "Lost/Leftover Documents/Book of Zhou", and ''Jizhong Zhou shu'' "Ji Tomb Documents/Book of Zhou". Zhou zhi 周志 appears once throughout the transmitted texts: in the Zuo zhuan (Duke Wen, 2 - 625 BC), along the quote presently found in YZS. The reference is valuable since it differentiates YZS from the corpus of other documents ''shu'' and possibly refers to its educational function.〔Luo Jiaxiang 2006:60-61.〕 Zhoushu (or Zhou shu) – combining ''Zhou'' 周 "Zhou dynasty" and ''shu'' 書 "writing; document; book; letter" – is the earliest record of the present title. Depending upon the semantic interpretation of ''shu'', ''Zhoushu'' can be translated "Book(s) of Zhou" (cf. ''Hanshu'' 漢書 ''Book of Han'') or "Documents of Zhou" (cf. ''Shujing'' 書經 ''Book of Documents''). In Modern Standard Chinese usage, ''Zhoushu'' is the title of the ''Book of Zhou'' history about the later Northern Zhou dynasty (557-581). Yizhoushu (or Yi Zhou shu) adds ''yi'' 逸 "escape; flee; neglect; missing; lost; remain" to the title, which scholars interpret in two ways. Either "Lost Book(s) of Zhou", with a literal translation of ''yi'' as "lost" (cf. ''yishu'' 逸書 "lost books; ancient works no longer in existence"). Or "Remaining Book(s) of Zhou", with a reading of ''yi'' as "remnant; leftover" (cf. ''yijing'' 逸經 "classical texts not included in the orthodox classics"). This dubious tradition began with Liu Xiang (79-8 BCE) describing the text as (tr. Shaughnessy 1993:230): "The solemn statements and orders of the Zhou period; they are in fact the residue of the hundred ''pian'' () discussed by Confucius." McNeal (2002:59) translates differently, "(''Yi Zhou shu'' ) may well be what remained after Confucius edited the hundred chapters (the ''Shang shu'' )". Since the canonical ''Shang shu'' in circulation had 29 chapters, McNeal proposes, Perhaps sometime during the early Western Han the transmitted version of the ''Zhou shu'' was expanded so as to produce a text of exactly seventy-one chapters, so that, added to the twenty-nine chapters of the ''Shang shu'', the so-called "hundred chapters of the ''shu''" could be given a literal meaning. This would account for those chapters of the ''Yi Zhou shu'' that seem entirely unrelated or only tentatively related to the main themes of the work. (2002:59) Jizhong Zhoushu (or Jizhong Zhou shu) derives from a second tradition that the text was found among the manuscripts on bamboo slips unearthed in the (c. 279 CE) Jizhong discovery of the tomb of King Xiang 襄王 of Wei (r. 311–296 BCE). Shaughnessy (1993:229) concludes that since "both of these traditions can be shown to be without foundation", and since all the earliest textual citations refer to it as ''Zhoushu'', there is now a "general scholarly consensus" that the title should in fact read simply as ''Zhou shu''. However, since ''Zhou shu'' also figures as the section of the Book of Documents, the name "Yizhoushu" has obtained broad currency as safely marking the differentiation. English translations of the ''Yi Zhou shu'' title include: *"Leftover Zhou Writings" (von Falkenhausen 1996:8) *"Remainder of Zhou documents" (Shaughnessy 1999:294) *"() Zhou documents" (Wilkinson 2000:465) *"Chou Documents Apocrpha" (Lee 2000:477) *"Remainder of the Zhou Documents" (McNeal 2002:46) *"Remnants of Zhou Documents" (Shaughnessy 2006:58) *"The Superfluous (of the ) Book of Zhou" (Theobald 2010) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yi Zhou Shu」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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