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The Ynglings were the oldest known Scandinavian dynasty. It can refer to the clans of the Scylfings (Old Norse ''Skilfingar''), the semi-legendary royal Swedish clan during the Age of Migrations, with kings such as Eadgils, Onela and Ohthere. When ''Beowulf'' and ''Ynglingatal'' were composed sometime in the eighth to tenth centuries, the respective scop and skald expected his audience to have a great deal of background information about these kings, which is shown in the allusiveness of the references. ''Ynglings'' also refers to the Fairhair dynasty, descending from the kings of Oppland, Norway. According to surviving early sources, such as ''Ynglingatal'' and ''Íslendingabók'', these kings were descended from the Swedish Scylfings of Uppland, Sweden. The House of Munsö, a Swedish dynasty, also falls under the definition of ''Yngling''. The earliest kings of this dynasty that historians generally agree are historical are Eirik the Victorious and Olof Skötkonung. Some early kings were likely mythical, whereas others may have been real. Egil, Ottar, Ale and Adils are mentioned in several sources and are very likely to be real kings. ==Names== In the Scandinavian sources they are the descendants of Yngvi-Frey of Vanaheim. ''Yngling'' means ''descendant of Frey'', and in the ''Gesta Danorum'' of Saxo Grammaticus they are called the ''sons of Frey''. Several of these kings appear in ''Beowulf'': Eadgils (Adils), Onela (Ale), and Ohthere (Ottar Vendelkråka), but here they are called ''Scylfings'' (see the Beowulf section below). Snorri Sturluson hints at a less divine origin in ''Skáldskaparmál'' for this dynasty: ''One war-king was named Skelfir; and his house is called the House of Skilfings: his kindred is in the Eastern Land.'' In the 13th century, the official Swedish/Scandinavian term for the modern-day Southern Finland was "Eastern Land", Österland, i.e. the eastern half of Sweden at the time. In ''Ynglinga Saga'' in 1220 AD, Snorri Sturluson discusses marriages between Swedish and Finnish royal families. In 1220 AD (c.), in the Skáldskaparmál section of Edda, Sturluson discusses King Halfdan the Old, Nór's great-grandson, and nine of his sons who are the forefathers of various royal lineages, including ''"Yngvi, from whom the Ynglings are descended"''. According to ''Orkneyinga Saga'' in 1230 AD, ''Nór'' founded Norway. He was a direct descendant of Fornjótr, the King of Finland, Kvenland and Gotland. Many Scandinavian historians name Halfdan the Old as an ancestor to Rollo, the Viking conqueror who founded Normandy and took the name Robert I (the first) after converting to Christianity. He is William the Conqueror's great grandfather. In 1387 AD, ''Hversu Noregr byggðist'' ('How Norway was inhabited') is an account of the origin of various legendary Norwegian lineages. It too traces the descendants of the primeval Finnish ruler Fornjotr back to Nór, who is here the eponym and first great king of Norway, and then gives details of the descendants of Nór and of his brother Gór in the following section known as the Ættartölur ('Genealogies', a.k.a. Fundinn Noregr, 'Founding of Norway'). The Hversu account is closely paralleled by the opening of the Orkneyinga saga. The 'genealogies' also claim that many heroic families famed in Scandinavian tradition but not located in Norway were of a Finn-Kven stock, mostly sprung from Nór's great-grandson Halfdan the Old. Almost all the lineages sprung from Halfdan are then shown to reconvert in the person of Harald Fairhair, the first king of "all Norway". This information can be confirmed in other sources. The 'Ættartölur' account ends to a genealogy of Harald's royal descendants down to Olaf IV of Norway with the statement that the account was written in 1387, and with a list of the kings of Norway from this Olaf back to Harald Fair-hair. Another origin for the name ''skilfing'' is possible: Snorri described Erik and Alrik, the sons of ''Skjalf'' to be the de facto ancestors of this Norse-Finnish clan. :''The kings who resided at Upsal had been the supreme chiefs over the whole Swedish dominions until the death of Agne, when, as before related, the kingdom came to be divided between brothers (Alrek and Erik). After that time the dominions and kingly powers were spread among the branches of the family as these increased; but some kings cleared great tracts of forest-land, and settled them, and thereby increased their domains.''() 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yngling」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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