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The yoal, often referred to as the ness yoal, is a clinker-built craft used traditionally in the Shetland Islands. It is designed primarily for rowing, but which also handles well under her traditional square sail when running before the wind or on a broad reach. The word is cognate with yawl. ==Construction== Until about 1860, yoals were imported in kit form from the area around Bergen in Norway. The traditional small wooden boats were known as Oselvar from Os in Hordaland, Norway. The wooden boats were taken apart and then 'flat packed' for shipping to the Shetland Islands. Instead of sending complicated assembly instructions, they sent Norwegian boatbuilders to re-build them. However, increasing customs duty meant that Shetland builders took over the building but stayed mostly with the original Norwegian design.〔( ''Strilebåten'' (Oselvarverkstaden) in Norwegian} )〕 All the parts of a yoal have a name, perhaps to make assembly easier when they came in kit form, or to make it easier to order spare parts. In many cases, the names of the parts bear a closer relationship to Norwegian than British usage. The descriptive text on this page names most of these parts. There are six boards to the construction of a yoal, they are from the keel up, the ''gabbard straik''; the ''Hassen Straik''; the ''lower sool''; the ''upper sool''; the ''sand straik'', and the ''upper wup''. The boards were fixed to three main frames ''baands'' which curved across the keel between gunwales, underneath the ''tafts'' (seats), and also to the ''stammerin'' or ''cant frame'', near both bow and stern, before fixing to the fore and aft stems. The ''upper wups'' were joined by the ''hinny spot'' where they met the ''horn'', at the top of the stem, for added strength. The ''baands'' were not fixed to the keel, this again adding to the flexibility of the yoal. The ''baands'' divided the boat into four sections: the ''fore room'', for fishing tackle etc.; the ''mid room'', for ballast; the ''owsin room'', which was kept clear for bailing, ''owsin'', any water which came aboard, using an ''owsekerri''; and the ''shot room'', which is where the catch was stored. To save the gunwales from wear, at each ''aer'', (oar), position a block of hard wood, the ''routh'', was fixed in position with two wooden pegs called ''routh pins''. Sticking up from the ''routh'' was the ''kabe'', a hardwood peg, against which the oar was rowed. The oar was held in position against the ''kabe'' by a loop of rope called the ''humlieband''. One notable feature of yoal construction are the gunwales which stop short at both bow and stern leaving several inches of upper board with no gunwale. This is supposed to give the craft more flexibility in heavy seas. The yoal was rowed by three men with a pair of oars each. The men were seated on ''tafts'', which rested on the ''wearin'' a wooden support which ran across the three main ''baands'', and for purchase they could brace their feet against a ''fitlinn'', a piece of wood across between the ''baands''. The floorboards of the boat were called ''tilfers''. When wind conditions were ''baand'' yoal carried a square sail, hoisted on a wooden mast which was stepped through the mid ''taft'' and braced at its base to the mid 'baand' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yoal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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