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Yokukansan
Yokukansan (in Japan), Yi-Gan San (in China) or 抑肝散 is a traditional Asian herbal medicine. It was originally described in 保嬰撮要〔http://www.eastlandpress.com/upload/2_pdf_1_20090602161407_1/1%20List%20Titles%20New.pdf〕 (Bâo yïng cuö yào, Synopsis for Protecting Infant) written by 薛鎧(Xue Kai) and 薛己 (Xue ji, a son of Xue Kai) in Ming dynasty China 1555 or 1556 as a remedy for restlessness and agitation in children.〔(Clinical Potential of Yi-Gan San (Yokukansan) for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders )〕 Yokukansan (YKS) contains a mixture of dried herbs, 4 g of Atractylodis lanceae rhizoma (蒼朮), 4 g of Poria (伏苓), 3 g of Cnidii rhizoma (川芎), 3 g of Angelicae radix (当帰), 2 g of Bupleuri radix (柴胡), 1.5 g of Glycyrrhizae radix (甘草), and 3 g of Uncariae uncis cum ramulus (釣藤鈎). These herbs are registered in the Pharmacopoeia of Japan ver. 15. Patients take 2.5 g of YKS powder (1.08 g extract) three times a day. YKS has been approved by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Japan) as prescriptions covered under the National Health Insurance plan.
==Clinical evidence==
In 2005, Iwasaki et al. (Japan) reported that YKS improved behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD), such as hallucination, delusion, agitation, and aggression.〔=reference 3〕 Since then, many studies showing the effects and mechanisms of YKS on psychosomatic and neurological symptoms have been published as below. Iwasaki et al. reported a 15 dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) patient case series where hallucinations and other BPSDs were successfully improved with YKS treatment. Mizukami et al. (2009) reported their expanded crossover trial of the effects of YKS on BPSD. Finally, a meta-analysis showed the YKS effects on BPSD.〔Matsuda Y, Kishi T, Shibayama H, Iwata N. Yokukansan in the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials" ''Hum Psychopharmacol'' 2013 Jan;28(1):80-6.〕
Shinno et al.reported that YKS was effective for control of psychiatric symptoms and improvement of sleep structure in patients with BPSD. Miyaoka et al. reported that YKS successfully treated neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia and borderline personality disorder. Satoh et al. have also recently reported that YKS improved involuntary movements in Huntington’s disease.〔Satoh T, Takahashi T, Iwasaki K, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine on four patients with Huntington's disease. Mov Disord. 15 February 2009;24(3):453-5.〕 These clinical reports suggest that YKS has an antipsychotic like effect without causing extrapyramidal symptoms.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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