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The A.M. Makarov Southern Machine-Building Plant, PA Pivdenmash or PA Yuzhmash ((ウクライナ語:Виробниче Об'єднання Південний Машинобудівний Завод імені А.М. Макарова); (ロシア語:Производственное Объединение Южный Машиностроительный Завод имени А.М. Макарова); literally: ''Production Union Southern Machine-Building Plant named after Aleksandr M. Makarov'') is a Ukrainian manufacturer of space rockets, satellites, agricultural equipment, buses, trolley buses, trams, and wind turbines that was inherited from the Soviet Union. It is a large state-owned company located in Dnipropetrovsk. Yuzhmash is a Russian portmanteau that stands for Southern Machines. ==History== Yuzhmash operated initially as "plant 586" in the Soviet Union. In 1954 Mikhail Yangel established the autonomous design bureau designated OKB-586, from the former chief designer's division of plant 586. Yangel had previously headed OKB-1 (today ''RKK Energiya'') and was primarily a supporter of liquid fuel technology – unlike Sergei Korolev at OKB-1, who was a supporter of missiles using cryogenic fuels. To pursue development of ballistic missiles using storable liquid fuels, Mikhail Yangel had received authorization to convert the chief designer's division of the plant into an autonomous design bureau. Following this, OKB-586 was designated Southern Design Bureau (better known as Pivdenne) and plant 586 was renamed Southern Machine-Building Plant in 1966, with an focus on the design and production of ballistic missiles. The plant was later renamed Southern Machine-Building Production Union, or Pivdenmash. Missiles produced at Yuzhmash included the first nuclear armed Soviet rocket R-5M (SS-3 'Shyster'), the R-12 Dvina (SS-4 'Sandal'), the R-14 Chusovaya (SS-5 'Skean'), the first widely deployed Soviet ICBM R-16 (SS-7 'Saddler'), the R-36 (SS-9 'Scarp'), the MR-UR-100 Sotka (SS-17 'Spanker'), and the R-36M (SS-18 'Satan'). During the Soviet era, the plant was capable of producing of up to 120 ICBMs a year. In the late 1980s, Yuzhmash was selected to be the main production facility of the RT-2PM2 Topol-M ICBM (SS-27 "Sickle B"). After the beginning of perestroika, demand for military production declined significantly, and the Yuzhmash product line was expanded to include non-military uses such as civilian machinery. One line of products added after 1992 are trolleybuses. Models include the articulated YuMZ T1 (1992—2008), its non-articulated brother YuMZ T2 (1993—2008) and more modern YuMZ E-186 (2005—2006) which features a low floor cabin. Leonid Kuchma, long-time chief manager (1986-1992) of the company, became the Prime Minister in 1992, and later President of Ukraine in 1994. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yuzhmash」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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