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Zaporozhets
ZAZ Zaporozhets ((ウクライナ語:Запоро́жець); (ロシア語:Запоро́жец) ) was a series of rear-wheel-drive subcompact cars designed and built from 1958 at the ZAZ factory in Soviet Ukraine ((ウクライナ語:Запорізький автомобільний завод) ''Zaporizkyi Avtomobilnyi Zavod'', or Zaporizhian Automobile Factory). Different models of the Zaporozhets, all of which had an air-cooled engine in the rear, were produced until 1994. Since the late 1980s, the final series, 968M, was replaced by the cardinally different ZAZ-1102 Tavria hatchback, which featured a front-wheel drive and a more powerful water-cooled engine.
The name ''Zaporozhets'' translates into a Cossack of the Zaporizhian Sich or а man from Zaporizhia or the Zaporizhia Oblast.
Zaporozhets is still well known in many former Soviet states. Like the Volkswagen Beetle or East Germany's Trabant, the Zaporozhets was destined to become a "people's car" of the Soviet Union, and as such it was the most affordable vehicle of its era. At the same time, it was rather sturdy and known for its excellent crossing performance on poor roads.〔 Another important advantage of the Zaporozhets was its ease of repairs. The car's appearance gave birth to several nicknames that became well known across the Soviet Union: ''horbatyi'' ("hunchback", owing to ZAZ-965's insect-like form; although ZAZ factory workers never used this nickname〔(FIAT begins to produce Zaporozhets ) 〕), ''malysh'' ((英語:Kiddy)),〔 ''ushastyi'' ("big-eared", due to 966 and 968's round air intakes on each side of the car to cool the rear-mounted engine), ''mylnitsa'' ("soap-box", for ZAZ-968M, lacking "ears" and producing a more box-like appearance).〔
Numerous special versions of the Zaporozhets were produced, equipped with additional sets of controls that allowed operating the car with a limited set of limbs, and were given for free or with considerable discounts to disabled people, especially war veterans, side-by-side with SMZ-series microcars. These special versions would at times consume up to 20% of ZAZ factory output.〔
==First generation (1960-1969)==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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