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Za'atar〔Also romanized ''zaatar'', ''za'tar'', ''zatar'', ''zatr'', ''zattr'', ''zahatar'', ''aktar'' or ''satar''. 〕 ((アラビア語:زَعْتَر), ) is a generic name for a family of related Middle Eastern herbs from the genera ''Origanum'' (oregano), ''Calamintha'' (basil thyme), ''Thymus'' (typically Thymus vulgaris, i.e., thyme), and ''Satureja'' (savory).〔Allen, 2007, (p. 237 ).〕 The name za'atar alone most properly applies to ''Origanum syriacum'', considered by many to be the hyssop ((ヘブライ語:אזב) (:ezɒv)) of the Bible.〔Based on the Judeo-Arabic translation of the word in the works of Rabbi Saadia Gaon (in his ''Tafsir'', a translation of the Pentateuch, Exo. 12:22), Rabbi Hai Gaon's ''Mishnah'' commentary (''Seder Taharot''), Rabbi Jonah ibn Janah (''Sefer HaShorashim'' - Book of the Roots, s.v. אזב - ''aleph'', ''zayn'', ''bet''), and Maimonides (in his ''Mishnah'' Commentary, ''Nega'im'' 14:6).〕 It is also the name for a condiment made from the dried herb(s), mixed with sesame seeds, dried sumac, and often salt, as well as other spices. Used in Arab cuisine, both the herb and spice mixture are popular throughout the Middle East. ==Etymology== Written history lacks an early definitive reference to za'atar as a spice mixture, though unidentified terms in the Yale Babylonian Collection may be references to spice blends.〔Kaufman, 2006, (p. 29 ).〕 According to Ignace J. Gelb, an Akkadian language word that can be read ''sarsar'' may refer to a spice plant. This word could be attested in the Syriac ''satre'', and Arabic ''za'atar'' (or ''sa'tar''), possibly the source of Latin ''Satureia''.〔Gelb, 1956, p. 74.〕 Satureia (''Satureja'') is a common name for ''Satureja thymbra'', a species of savory whose other common and ethnic names include, "Persian za'atar", "za'atar rumi" (Roman hyssop), and "za'atar franji" (European hyssop).〔Allen, 2007, (p. 230 ).〕〔Faculté de Médecine de Paris, 1818, (p. clxxviii ).〕 ''Thymus capitatus'' (also called ''Satureja capitata'') is a species of wild thyme found throughout the hills of the Levant and Mediterranean Middle East.〔Basan, 2007, (p. 196 ).〕 Thyme is said to be a plant "powerfully associated with Palestine", and the spice mixture za'atar is common fare there.〔 ''Thymbra spicata'', a plant native to Greece and to Israel has been cultivated in North America by Syrian, Palestinian, and Lebanese immigrants for use in their za'atar preparations since the 1940s.〔 Another species identified as "wild za'atar" (Arabic:''za'atar barri'') is ''Origanum vulgare'', commonly known as European oregano, oregano, pot marjoram, wild marjoram, winter marjoram, or wintersweet.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Origanum.html )〕 This species is also extremely common in Jordan, Israel and the Palestinian territories, and is used by Palestinians to make one local variety of the spice mixture.〔 Other Latin names for the herbs called za'atar in Arabic include ''Origanum syriacum'' (also known as Bible hyssop, Arabic oregano and wild marjoram) and ''Origanum majorana'' (sweet marjoram).〔Seidemann, 2005, p. 365.〕 Both oregano and marjoram are closely related Mediterranean plants of the Lamiaceae family, so it is unsurprising that they could be used interchangeably. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Za'atar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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