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The Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front (ZACF, also known as ZabFront or simply as Zabalaza), formerly known as the Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Federation (ZabFed), is a platformist–especifista anarchist political organisation in South Africa, based primarily in Johannesburg. The word ''zabalaza'' means "struggle" in isiZulu and isiXhosa. Initially, as ZabFed, it was a federation of pre-existing collectives, mainly in Soweto and Johannesburg. It is now a unitary organisation based on individual applications for membership, describing itself as a "federation of individuals". Historically the majority of members have been people of colour. Initially the ZACF had sections in both South Africa and Swaziland. The two sections were split in 2007, but the Swazi group faltered in 2008. Currently ZACF also recruits in Zimbabwe. Members have historically faced repression in both Swaziland and South Africa (most recently on 16-17 October 2015). The ZACF is rooted in the ''Organisational Platform of the General Union of Anarchists (Draft)'' by the ''Dielo Truda'' group, but it does not accept the document uncritically. The ZACF is also inspired by the pamphlet ''Towards a Fresh Revolution'', written by the Friends of Durruti, a grouping of ''Confederación Nacional del Trabajo'' (CNT, or National Confederation of Labour) members, during the Spanish Revolution, as well as by Georges Fontenis' post-war pamphlet ''Manifesto of Libertarian Communism''. More recently it has come under the influence of South American especifismo, a tendency which originated in the ''Federación Anarquista Uruguaya'' (FAU, or Uruguayan Anarchist Federation).〔(ZACF ). 'What is the ZACF?'. Retrieved 4 January 2012.〕 ZACF members are expected to be committed, convinced anarchist communist militants who must be in general agreement with the platformist principles of theoretical and tactical unity, collective responsibility, and federalism.〔 Its activities include study and theoretical development, anarchist agitation and participation in class struggle activism.〔 As a platformist–especifista organisation, the ZACF subscribes to the idea of an "active minority". This means that the ZACF, unlike certain anarcho-syndicalist organisations, does not seek to build purely anarchist mass movements or unions; nor does it seek to turn existing social movements into anarchist-only movements. Rather, in the tradition of social insertion championed by the ''Federação Anarquista do Rio de Janeiro'' (FARJ, or Anarchist Federation of Rio de Janeiro), the ZACF works within existing movements to fight for the "leadership of anarchist ideas". This entails the implementation of anarchist principles within such movements, along with a revolutionary anarchist programme. This is because the ZACF holds that the strength of trade unions, social movements and other organisations of the working class lies in their ability to unite the greatest number of workers regardless of their political, religious or ideological affiliations. At the same time, the ZACF believes such movements can only undertake a revolutionary transformation of society when they are won to revolutionary anarchist positions.〔 ==History== The ZACF is the most recent in a rather short line of South African anarchist organisations stretching back to the early 1990s, from which it has inherited some members. Following the merger of the International Socialist League (ISL) and Industrial Socialist League into the Communist Party of South Africa (CPSA) in 1921, and the destruction of the semi-syndicalist Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union of Africa (ICU) in the 1930s,〔Giliomee, H. and Mbenga, B. (2007). ''New History of South Africa''. Cape Town: Tafelberg. pp. 248–250.〕〔Schmidt, M. and van der Walt, L. (2009). ''Black Flame: The Revolutionary Class Politics of Anarchism and Syndicalism (Counter-Power vol. 1)''. Oakland and Edinburgh: AK Press. pp.164–170.〕 anarchism (including its syndicalist variant) only began to re-emerge as a movement in South Africa with small anarchist collectives, established primarily in Durban and Johannesburg, in the 1990s. In 1993, the Anarchist Revolutionary Movement (ARM) was established in Johannesburg; its student section included militants from the anti-apartheid movement. In 1995, a larger movement, the Workers' Solidarity Federation (WSF), replaced the ARM. The WSF incorporated a Durban-based collective which published the journal ''Freedom''. It also produced its own journal entitled ''Workers' Solidarity''. The WSF was in the tradition of platformism, as opposed to the far looser ARM, and focused mainly on work within black working class and student struggles. It established links with anarchist individuals and small anarchist collectives in Zimbabwe, Tanzania and Zambia. It also helped to establish a short-lived Zambian WSF. In 1999, for a range of reasons, the WSF dissolved. It was succeeded by two anarchist collectives: the Bikisha Media Collective and Zabalaza Books. These two groups co-produced ''Zabalaza: A Journal of Southern African Revolutionary Anarchism'',〔(South African Struggle Archives ). 'Anarchism, revolutionary syndicalism and anti-authoritarian movements in South Africa, Lesotho & Swaziland'. Retrieved 4 January 2012.〕 which has since become the journal of the ZACF.〔(ZACF ). "Constitution of the ZACF". Retrieved 4 January 2012.〕 In the late 1990s and early 2000s, activists in these structures were involved in struggles against privatisation and evictions, and Bikisha was formally affiliated to the Anti-Privatisation Forum (APF), with a Bikisha member serving as APF Media Officer. On May Day in 2003, the ZACF was formed; initially as the Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Federation. The early ZACF was essentially a regroupment of local anarchist groups, bringing together a number of new anarchist collectives in Gauteng and Durban (including a local chapter of the Anarchist Black Cross), along with the Bikisha Media Collective and Zabalaza Books. In 2007, to strengthen its structures, the ZACF was reconstituted as the Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front based on direct individual affiliation in a unitary structure, rather than the looser federal system in place. By this time, the ZACF also had members in Swaziland, and was running a small social centre in Motsoaledi squatter camp in Soweto. Effectively, in its first phase, ZACF was built through the affiliation of groups, and members came into Zabalaza through the groups, each with somewhat different structures, aims and recruitment systems. With the December 2007 restructuring, members joined ZACF, and then the groups. The 2007 restructuring also saw the ZACF became South African only, with a separate Swazi anarchist group set up in 2008 that remained closely allied to, but distinct from, ZACF. ZACF policy throughout has stressed the need for a non-racial formation, with members of all races, and opposed separate organisations on the lines of race or gender. While committed to promoting syndicalism in the unions, ZACF work was in practice largely focused on the so-called "new social movements", formed in South Africa in response to the perceived failures of the African National Congress (ANC) government post-apartheid.〔 The ZACF was involved in the campaigns of the Anti-Privatisation Forum (APF) and the Landless People's Movement (LPM). It has also been involved in solidarity work with Abahlali baseMjondolo and the Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign.〔CNT. (2011). '(Zabalaza: A Voice for Organised Anarchism in South Africa )'. Barcelona: CNT. Retrieved 4 January 2012.〕 In addition to such work, the ZACF is active in organising workshops and propaganda. Following the formation of the Democratic Left Front (DLF) in 2011, the ZACF has become a member organisation. However, it is critical of the mostly middle-class composition of the DLF's leadership, and of the electoral ambitions of some DLF affiliates.〔(Anarkismo.net ). 'The "Democratic Left": A Small Step Towards United Working Class Struggle'. Retrieved 4 January 2012.〕 Like a substantial section of DLF supporters, the ZACF was critical of the DLF's organising processes up to, and during, the protests at "COP-17" in Durban, that is, the 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference, which it argued were top-down and manipulated.〔(Towards a Truly Democratic Left ), Jonathan Payn, December 2011〕 By 2012, ZACF had effectively left the DLF. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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