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Zanj
Zanj ((アラビア語:زنج) from (ペルシア語:زنگ); "Land of the Blacks" 〔Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, Volume 131 (Kommissionsverlag F. Steiner, 1981), p. 130.〕) was a name used by medieval Arab geographers to refer to both a certain portion of Southeast Africa (primarily the Swahili Coast), and to the area's Bantu inhabitants.〔F. R. C. Bagley et al., ''The Last Great Muslim Empires'' (Brill: 1997), p. 174.〕 This word is also the origin of the place name ''Zanzibar''.
==Division of Africa's coast==
Geographers historically divided the eastern coast of Africa at large into several regions based on each region's respective inhabitants. In Somalia was ''Barbara'', which was the land of the Eastern ''Baribah'' or ''Barbaroi'' (Berbers), as the ancestors of the Somalis were referred to by medieval Arab and ancient Greek geographers, respectively.〔〔〔James Hastings, ''Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics Part 12: V. 12'' (Kessinger Publishing, LLC: 2003), p. 490.〕 In modern-day Ethiopia was ''al-Habash'' or Abyssinia,〔Sven Rubenson, ''The Survival of Ethiopian Independence'' (Tsehai, 2003), p. 30.〕 which was inhabited by the ''Habash'' or Abyssinians, who were the forebears of the Habesha.〔Jonah Blank, Mullahs on the mainframe: Islam and modernity among the Daudi Bohras (University of Chicago Press, 2001), p. 163.〕
Arab and Chinese sources referred to the general area south of the Abyssinian highlands and Barbara as Zanj, or the "country of the blacks".〔.〕 Also transliterated as Zenj or Zinj, this Southeast Africa area was inhabited by Bantu-speaking peoples called the ''Zanj''.〔〔Bethwell A. Ogot, ''Zamani: A Survey of East African History'' (East African Publishing House: 1974), p. 104.〕 The core area of Zanj occupation stretched from the territory south of present-day Ras Kamboni〔Timothy Insoll, ''The Archaeology of Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa'' (Cambridge University Press: 2003), p. 61.〕 to Pemba Island in Tanzania. South of Pemba lay Sofala in modern Mozambique, the northern boundary of which may have been Pangani. Beyond Sofala was the obscure realm of Waq-Waq, also in Mozambique.〔Stefan Goodwin, ''Africa's Legacies of Urbanization: Unfolding Saga of a Continent'' (Lexington Books: 2006), p. 301.〕 The tenth-century Arab historian and geographer Abu al-Hasan 'Alī al-Mas'ūdī describes Sofala as the furthest limit of Zanj settlement, and mentions its king's title as ''Mfalme'', a Bantu word.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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