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Zanni
Zanni () or Zani is a character type of Commedia dell'arte best known as an astute servant and trickster.〔 The Zanni comes from the countryside. The Zanni is known to be a “dispossessed immigrant worker”.〔"Immigrant" in Italy at the time of the city-states did not mean someone from outside of Italy but rather someone from outside the city, an itinerant worker.〕〔Rudlin, John. ''Commedia Dell'Arte: An Actors Handbook''. London: Routledge, 1994. 67. Print.〕 Throughout time, the Zanni grew to be a popular figure who was first seen in ''commedia'' as early as the fourteenth century.〔Nicoll M.A., Allardyce. ''Masks Mimes and Miracles: Studies in the Popular Theatre''. New York: Cooper Square Publishers, INC., 1963. 263. Print.〕 The English word ''zany'' derives from this persona.
==The origin of the name==
The name ''Zanni'' (as well as ''Zuan'') is a Venetian variant of the name ''Gianni'' and was common in the Lombard-Venetian countryside which provided most of the servants to the wealthy nobles and merchants of Venice.〔w:it:Zanni 〕 It is one of the oldest characters in ''Commedia dell'arte'' but over the course of time became subdivided into a number of similar characters with more specific traits.〔 These included Arlecchino, Pulcinella, Mezzettino and Truffaldino, as well as Beltrame〔w:it:Beltrame 〕 and Brighella.〔 Arlecchino, for example, was more representative of a jester than an ordinary servant and was frequently depicted as very acrobatic.〔 One origin theory is that “The name Zanni was given to the two masks from Bergamo, Harlequin and Brighella, because they were, according to Quadrio, descendants of the Sannio of the Atellana".〔Duchartre, Pierre Louis. ''The Italian Comedy: The Improvisation Scenarios Lives Attributes Portraits and Masks of the Illustrious Characters of the Commedia dell' Arte''. Canada: Dover Publications, Inc, 1966. 21. Print.〕 Zanni was shortened to Zan when used to provide further identification of an individual. For example, Zan Ganassa was the stage name of Alberto Naseli, who was one of the first actors specializing in Zanni roles to perform outside of Italy.〔Hartnoll 1983, p. 313.〕
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