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Zaolzie is the Polish name for an area now in the Czech Republic which was disputed between interwar Poland and Czechoslovakia. The name means "lands beyond the Olza River"; it is also called ''Śląsk zaolziański'', meaning "trans-Olza Silesia". Equivalent terms in other languages include ''Zaolší (Zaolží)'' in Czech and ''Olsa-Gebiet'' in German. The Zaolzie region was created in 1920, when Cieszyn Silesia was divided between Czechoslovakia and Poland. Zaolzie forms the eastern part of the Czech portion of Cieszyn Silesia. The division did not satisfy any side, and persisting conflict over the region led to its annexation by Poland in October 1938, following the Munich Agreement. After German invasion of Poland in 1939, the area became a part of Nazi Germany until 1945. After the war, the 1920 borders were restored. Historically, the largest specified ethnic group inhabiting this area were those identifying as Poles.〔Zahradnik 1992, 16–17.〕 Under Austrian rule, Cieszyn Silesia was initially divided into three (Bielitz, Friedek and Teschen), and later into four districts (plus Freistadt). One of them, Frýdek, had a mostly Czech population, the other three were mostly inhabited by Poles.〔Watt 1998, 161.〕〔Piotr Stefan Wandycz. ''France and Her Eastern Allies, 1919-1925: French-Czechoslovak-Polish Relations from the Paris Peace Conference to Locarno''. University of Minnesota Press. 1962. pp. 75, 79〕 During the 19th century the number of ethnic Germans grew. After declining at the end of the 19th century,〔The 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 Austrian censuses asked people about the language they use. (Siwek 1996, 31.)〕 at the beginning of the 20th century and later from 1920 to 1938 the Czech population grew significantly (mainly as a result of immigration and the assimilation of locals) and Poles became a minority, which they are to this day. Another significant ethnic group were the Jews, but almost the entire Jewish population was exterminated during World War II. In addition to the Polish, Czech and German national orientations there was another group living in the area, the ''Ślązakowcy'', who claimed a distinct Silesian national identity. This group enjoyed popular support throughout the whole of Cieszyn Silesia although its strongest supporters were among the Protestants in eastern part of the Cieszyn Silesia (now part of Poland) and not in Zaolzie itself.〔Hannan 1996, 47.〕 ==Name and territory== The term ''Zaolzie'' (meaning "the trans-Olza", i.e. "lands beyond the Olza") is used predominantly in Poland and also commonly by the Polish minority living in the territory. In Czech it is mainly referred to as ''České Těšínsko''/''Českotěšínsko'' ("land around Český Těšín"), or as ''Těšínsko'' or ''Těšínské Slezsko'' (meaning Cieszyn Silesia). The Czech equivalent of Zaolzie (''Zaolší'' or ''Zaolží'') is rarely used. The term of ''Zaolzie'' is also used by some foreign scholars, e.g. American ethnolinguist Kevin Hannan.〔Hannan 1999, 191–203.〕 The term ''Zaolzie'' denotes the territory of the former districts of Český Těšín and Fryštát, in which the Polish population formed a majority according to the 1910 Austrian census.〔Szymeczek 2008, 63.〕〔〔Irena Bogoczová, Jana Raclavska. "Report about the national and language situation in the area around Czeski Cieszyn/Český Těšín in the Czech Republic". ''Czeski Cieszyn/Český Těšín Papers''. Nr 7, ''EUR.AC research''. November 2006. p. 2. (source: Zahradnik. "Struktura narodowościowa Zaolzia na podstawie spisów ludności 1880-1991". Třinec 1991).〕 It makes up the eastern part of the Czech portion of Cieszyn Silesia. However, Polish historian Józef Szymeczek notes that the term is often mistakenly used for the whole Czech part of Cieszyn Silesia.〔 Since the 1960 reform of administrative divisions of Czechoslovakia, Zaolzie has consisted of Karviná District and the eastern part of Frýdek-Místek District. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Zaolzie」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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