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Zāyandé-Rūd or Zāyanderūd ((ペルシア語:زاینده رود), from ''زاینده'' (:zɑːjændɛ) “life giver” and ''رود'' (:rʊːd) “river”), also spelled as ''Zayandeh-Rood'' or ''Zayanderood'', is the largest river in the central plateau of Iran. In the early 2010s, the lower reaches of the river dried out completely after several years of seasonal dry-outs. The Zayandeh starts in the Zagros Mountains and flows eastward before ending in the Gavkhouni swamp, a seasonal salt lake, southeast of Isfahan city. The Zayandeh used to have significant flow all year long, unlike many of Iran's rivers which are seasonal, but today runs dry due to water extraction before reaching the city of Esfahan. The Zayandeh river bed is spanned by many historical Safavid era bridges, and the river used to flow through many parks. The Zayandeh River basin has an area of , altitude from to , an average rain fall of and a monthly average temperature of to . There are of irrigated land in the Zayandeh River basin, with water derived from the nine main hydraulic units of the Zayandeh River, wells, qanat and springs in lateral valleys. Zayandeh River water gave life to the people of central Iran mainly in Isfahan and Yazd provinces. Before the drying-out, water diverted per person was 240 litres (63 US gallons/53 imp gallons) per day in urban areas and 150 litres (40 US gallons/33 imp gallons) per day in villages.〔("Zayandeh River Basin Short Profile" International Water Management Institute, Sri Lanka )〕 In the 1970s, the flow of the river was estimated at per annum, or per second.〔Beaumont, Peter (October 1974) "Water Resource Development in Iran" ''The Geographical Journal'' 140(3): pp. 418-431, p. 427〕 ==History== People have lived on the banks of Zayandeh River for thousands of years. The earliest evidence of human occupation along the River is found in a cave site called Qaleh Bozi near Dizicheh at SW of Isfahan. More than 40,000 years ago, groups of Paleolithic hunters (Neanderthals) used Qaleh Bozi caves as shelter for seasonal or temporary occupations and left their stone tools and bones of hunted animals. An ancient prehistoric culture, the Zayandeh River Civilization, flourished along the banks of the Zayandeh in the 6th Millennium BC. Zayandeh River crosses the city of Isfahan, a major cultural and economic center of Iran. In the 17th century, Shaikh Bahai (an influential scholar and adviser to the Safavid dynasty), designed and built a system of canals (''maadi''), to distribute Zayandeh water to Isfahan's suburbs. Water from the Zayandeh River helped the growth of the population and the economy, helped established Isfahan as an influential center, and gave a green landscape to Isfahan, a city in the middle of a desert. Arthur Pope (an American archaeologist and historian of Persian art) and his wife Phyllis Ackerman are buried in a small tomb in pleasant surroundings in its banks. Richard Frye (an American scholar of Iranian and Central Asian Studies) has also requested to be buried there.〔(Staff (18 April 2005) "American Iranologist Wills wants to be Buried in Isfahan, Iran" ''Cultural Heritage News Agency'' Iran )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Zayanderud」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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