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Zaidiyyah
Zaidiyyah or Zaidism (Arabic: الزيدية ''az-zaydiyya'', adjective form Zaidi or Zaydi) is an early sect which emerged in the eighth century out of Shi'a Islam, named after Zayd ibn ʻAlī, the grandson of Husayn ibn ʻAlī. Followers of the Zaydi Islamic jurisprudence are called Zaydi Shi'a and make up about 35-40% of Muslims in Yemen.
==Origin==
The Zaydi madhab emerged in reverence of Zayd’s failed uprising against the Ummayad Caliph, Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (ruling through 724-743 AD), which set a precedent for revolution against corrupt rulers. It might be said that Zaydis find it difficult to remain passive in an unjust world, or in the words of a modern influential Zaydi leader, Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi, to ‘sit in their houses’.
Zaydis were the oldest branch of the Shia and the largest group amongst the Shia before the Safavid Dynasty in the sixteenth century and currently the second largest group, are the closest to the Sunnis and do not believe in the infallibility of Imāms after Husayn. Zaydis believe that on the last hour of Zayd ibn Ali, he was betrayed by the people in Kufa who said to him: "May God have mercy on you! What do you have to say on the matter of Abu Bakr and Umar ibn al-Khattab?" Zayd ibn Ali said, "I have not heard anyone in my family renouncing them both nor saying anything but good about them...when they were entrusted with government they behaved justly with the people and acted according to the Qur'an and the Sunnah."〔''The waning of the Umayyad caliphate'' by Tabarī, Carole Hillenbrand, 1989, p37, p38
''The Encyclopedia of Religion'' Vol.16, Mircea Eliade, Charles J. Adams, Macmillan, 1987, p243.〕 Zaydis as of 2014 constitute roughly 0.5% of the world's Muslim population.〔Destined Encounters - Page 203, Sury Pullat - 2014〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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