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The Zabbaleen ( ', ) is a word which literally means "garbage people" in Egyptian Arabic.〔Assaad, Ragui. (1996) Formalizing the Informal? The Transformation of Cairo’s Refuse Collection System. ''Journal of Planning Education & Research'', vol16, p.118〕 The contemporary use of the word in Egyptian Arabic is to mean "garbage collectors". In cultural contexts, the word refers to teenagers and adults who have served as Cairo's informal garbage collectors since approximately the 1940s. The Zabbaleen (singular: ', ) are also known as Zarraba (singular: Zarrab), which means "pig-pen operators."〔 The word ' came from the Egyptian Arabic word ' (, ) which means "garbage". Spread out among seven different settlements scattered in the Greater Cairo Urban Region, the Zabbaleen population is between 50,000 and 70,000.〔Fahmi, Wael & Sutton, Keith. (2006) Cairo’s Zabbaleen Garbage Recyclers: Multi-nationals’ Takeover and State Relocation Plans.''Habitat International'', Vol 30, p.812〕 The largest settlement is Mokattam village, nicknamed "Garbage City," located at the foot of the Mokattam Mountains, next to Manshiyat Naser.〔(Assad, R., (1998), Upgrading the Mokattam Zabbaleen (Garbage Collectors) Settlement in Cairo: What Have We Learned? ), Paper Presented at the Macarthur Consortium on International Peace and Cooperation Symposium on The Challenge of Urban Sustainability.〕 The Zabbaleen community in Mokattam Village has a population of around 20,000 to 30,000, over 90 percent of which are Coptic Christians.〔(''Marina of the Zabbaleen'', directed by Engi Wassef. Produced by “Torch Films.” )〕 For several generations, the Zabbaleen supported themselves by collecting trash door-to-door from the residents of Cairo for nearly no charge. Notably, the Zabbaleen recycle up to 80 percent of the waste that they collect, whereas most Western garbage collecting companies can only recycle 20 to 25 percent of the waste that they collect.〔Fahmi, Wael & Sutton, Keith. (2006) Cairo’s Zabbaleen Garbage Recyclers: Multinationals’ Takeover and State Relocation Plans. ''Habitat International'', Vol 30, p.820〕〔Fahmi, Wael Salah.(2005) The Impact of Privatization of Solid Waste Management on the Zabbaleen Garbage Collectors of Cairo.''Environment & Urbanization'', Vol 17, no.2, p.158〕 The Zabbaleen use donkey-pulled carts and pick-up trucks to transport the garbage that they collect from the residents of Cairo, transport the garbage to their homes in Mokattam Village, sort the garbage there, and then sell the sorted garbage to middlemen or create new materials from their recycled garbage. The living situation for the Zabbaleen is poor, especially since they live amongst the trash that they sort in their village and with the pigs to which they feed their organic waste. Nevertheless, the Zabbaleen have formed a strong and tight-knit community. However, their existence and way of life has come under threat after the Cairo municipal authorities’ decision in 2003 to award annual contracts of $50 million to three multinational garbage disposal companies.〔Fahmi, Wael & Sutton, Keith. (2006) Cairo’s Zabbaleen Garbage Recyclers: Multinationals’ Takeover and State Relocation Plans. ''Habitat International'', Vol 30, p.821〕 The government authorities do not compensate the Zabbaleen for these changes, and as a result, the takeover of waste collection threatens the socio-economic sustainability of the Zabbaleen community.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Garbage Dreams )〕 More recently, the Zabbaleen have faced another challenge when the Egyptian Agricultural Ministry ordered the culling of all pigs in April 2009, in response to national fears over the possible spread of H1N1 influenza.〔Fahmi, Wael & Sutton, Keith. (2010) Cairo’s Contested Garbage: Sustainable Solid Waste Management and the Zabbaleen’s Right to the City.''Sustainability'', Vol 2, p.1773〕 This governmental decision poses a major setback to the Zabbaleen because pigs are an essential component to their recycling and sorting system, in which the pigs eat all of the organic waste. Immediately after the culling of pigs, observers have noticed a visible increase of trash piles and piles of rotting food on the streets of Cairo. There are also worries that the Egyptian government is seeking to remove the Mokattam village entirely and relocate the Zabbaleen further outside of Cairo by a further 25 km, to a 50-feddan plot (1 feddan = ) in Cairo's eastern desert settlement of Katameya.〔Fahmi, Wael & Sutton, Keith. (2006) Cairo’s Zabbaleen Garbage Recyclers: Multinationals’ Takeover and State Relocation Plans.''Habitat International'', Vol 30, p.820〕〔Fahmi, Wael & Sutton, Keith. (2010) Cairo's Contested Garbage: Sustainable Solid Waste Management and the Zabbaleen’s Right to the City. ''Sustainability'', Vol 2, p.1771 & 1774〕 ==Historical background== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Zabbaleen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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