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Pope Zephyrinus
Pope Zephyrinus (died 20 December 217) was bishop of Rome or pope from 199 to his death in 217.〔Kirsch, Johann Peter (1912). "Pope St. Zephyrinus" in ''The Catholic Encyclopedia''. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company.〕 He was born in Rome. His predecessor was Pope Victor I. Upon his death on 20 December 217, he was succeeded by his principal advisor, Pope Callixtus I.
==Papacy==
During the 17-year pontificate of Zephyrinus, the young Church endured severe persecution under the Emperor Severus until his death in the year 211. To quote Alban Butler, "this holy pastor was the support and comfort of the distressed flock".〔A. Butler, ''Lives of the Saints'' Vol VIII, 1866〕 According to St. Optatus, Zephyrinus also combated new heresies and apostasies, chief of which were Marcion, Praxeas, Valentine and the Montanists.〔Optatus, ''De Schismate'' 1,1〕 Eusebius insists that Zephyrinus fought vigorously against the blasphemies of the two Theodotuses, who in response treated him with contempt, but later called him the greatest defender of the divinity of Christ. Although he was not physically martyred for the faith, his suffering – both mental and spiritual – during his pontificate have earned him the title of martyr.〔Berti, ''Sæc 3. Diss''. 1.t. 2 p 158〕
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