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Tzere (also spelled ''Tsere'', ''Tzeirei'', ''Zere'', ''Zeire'', ''Ṣerî'', ''Ṣerê'' etc.; , sometimes צירה) is a Hebrew niqqud vowel sign represented by two dots "◌ֵ" underneath a letter. In modern Hebrew, it indicates the phoneme /e/ which is the same as the "e" sound in sell and is transliterated as an "e". In modern Hebrew, tzere is pronounced the same as segol, although they were distinct in Tiberian Hebrew. ==Usage== Tzere is usually written in these cases: * In final stressed closed syllables: מַחְשֵׁב (, ''computer''), סִפֵּר (, ''he told''; without niqqud סיפר). Also in final syllables closed by guttural letters with an added furtive patach: מַטְבֵּעַ (, ''coin''), שוֹכֵחַ (, ''forgetting''). Notable exceptions to this rule are: * * The personal suffixes ־תֶם (, 2 pl. m.), ־תֶן (, 2 pl. f.), ־כֶם (, 2 pl. m.), ־כֶן (, 2 pl. f.), ־הֶם (, 3 pl. m.), ־הֶן (, 3 pl. f.) are written with segol. (But the words הֵם (, ''they m.''), הֵן (, ''they f.'') are written with Tzere.) * * The words אֱמֶת (, ''truth''), בַּרְזֶל (, ''iron''), גַּרְזֶן (, ''axe''), כַּרְמֶל (, ''Carmel'', ''gardenland''), עֲרָפֶל (, ''fog'') are written with segol. * * The word בֵּן (, ''son, boy'') is written with tzere in the absolute state, but with segol in the construct state: בֶּן־. In the Bible this rule also applies to other words which end in tzere, when they are written with maqaf.〔Academy Decisions: Grammar, 2nd edition, §1.4 ב.〕 * In non-final, unstressed open syllables: עֵנָב (, ''grape''), תֵּבָה (, ''chest'', ''ark''; without niqqud תיבה). * In the first (stressed) syllable of about 70 segolate words, among them חֵלֶק (, ''part''), סֵפֶר (, ''book''), עֵדֶן (, ''Eden'').〔A full list appears in (Academy Decisions: Grammar, 2nd edition, §1.4 כ ).〕 In other – much more numerous – segolate words the first sound is a segol. * In final open syllables, when the mater lectionis is yod (י) or aleph (א): בְּנֵי־ (, ''sons of''), מוֹצֵא (, ''finding''). When the mater lectionis is he (ה), the vowel sign is usually segol, but tzere is written in the imperative and absolute infinitive forms of the verb, in nouns in construct state, and in the base form of several other nouns (see below for details). In declension tzere sometimes changes to other vowels or to shva. The full rules for these changes were formulated the Academy of the Hebrew Language.〔 In modern Hebrew there are words which are homophones and homographs in spelling without niqqud, but are written differently with niqqud, the difference being segol and tzere. For example, עֶרֶב ''evening'' and עֵרֶב ''weft'' are both pronounced and written ערב without niqqud (these words also have different etymology). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tzere」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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